"Juvenile form"
"Adult form"
"HPV infection occurs via vertical transmission, either through the placenta (prior to birth) or by direct inoculation through the birth canal (during birth)"
"it is presumed that HPV infection occurs via intimate contact in these cases 6"
"The lesions consist of squamous cell papillomata (abnormal proliferation of squamous epithelium), which are linked to mucosal HPV infection. Because HPV infection is common, while recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare disease, other (unrecognised) variables must contribute to the disease 7. Of the numerous HPV genotypes, certain genotypes are recognised in association with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 6:"
"The lesions consist of squamous cell papillomata (abnormal proliferation of squamous epithelium), which are linked to mucosal HPV infection. Because HPV infection is common, while recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare disease, other (unrecognised) variables must contribute to the disease 7. Of the numerous HPV genotypes, certain genotypes are recognised in association with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 6:"
"The lesions consist of squamous cell papillomata (abnormal proliferation of squamous epithelium), which are linked to mucosal HPV infection. Because HPV infection is common, while recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare disease, other (unrecognised) variables must contribute to the disease 7. Of the numerous HPV genotypes, certain genotypes are recognised in association with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 6:"
"HPV-6 and 11 are most commonly implicated (90% total cases), although HPV-16, 18, 31, and 33 also implicated"
"HPV-6 and 11 are most commonly implicated (90% total cases), although HPV-16, 18, 31, and 33 also implicated"
"HPV-11 is associated with more aggressive papillomatosis"
"HPV-16 and 18 are more associated with malignant transformation, although "low risk" sub-types (e.g. 6, 11) have also resulted in malignant degeneration"
"The factors resulting in the involvement of the distal airway are not known, although recognised risk factors include HPV-11 infection, less than 3 years of age, tracheostomy, and prior invasive procedures 6."
"There is a small risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. This is more common in adults (3-7%) than children ("
"There is a characteristic bimodal age distribution."
"There is a small risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. This is more common in adults (3-7%) than children ("
"When papillomas result in airway obstruction then atelectasis, bronchiectasis and mucus plugging (finger in glove appearance) may be seen."
"CT is also able to demonstrate distal atelectasis, bronchiectasis and mucus plugging."