"Clinical presentation "
"Brain post-radiation treatment effects can be divided into pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis 4. Importantly, the likelihood of developing pseudoprogression is strongly influenced by the radiation dose. It is unlikely to occur in brain that has received"
"perfusion: reduced cerebral blood volume (viable tumour will usually have increased rCBV) 6"
"ADC mean values ≥1300 x 10-6 mm2/s 8"
"The hallmark of pseudoprogression is increased size of the enhancing component of a glioblastoma, and this has proven challenging in the trial setting as the most widely used criteria (Macdonald criteria and RANO criteria) struggle to distinguish between pseudoprogression and true disease progression as they largely rely on only the size of the enhancing component 6. As such conventional CT and MRI are insensitive to the distinction. However, advanced sequences (MR spectroscopy, perfusion, ADC values) are of significant help."
"choline/NAA ratio ≤1.4 8"
Expected headings
"Risk factors"
"Clinical presentation "
"Tumour pseudoprogression, also known simply as pseudoprogression, is a relatively common finding in brain tumour imaging follow-up, especially for high-grade gliomas (e.g. glioblastoma)."