"The presentation of uterine arteriovenous malformations varies. Uterine bleeding is the major presenting symptom, and it may be massive and life-threatening in young women. As these malformations are less common after menopause, post-menopausal bleeding is rarely seen. Congestive heart failure secondary to a vascular steal syndrome can be a less common clinical manifestation with a large uterine arteriovenous malformation."
"Colour Doppler ultrasound typically shows a low resistance (RI ~0.2-0.5), high-velocity flow pattern."
"If serum beta-HCG is elevated, consider:"
"Greyscale sonographic appearances can be non-specific with a range of manifestations including areas of subtle myometrial inhomogeneity, tubular spaces within the myometrium, an intramural uterine, endometrial or cervical mass like region or sometimes as prominent parametrial vessels 2. The extent of the mass effect, however, is minimal."