"In vertebral artery duplication, two vertebral arteries arise from separate origins that then anastomose within the neck 1,3,7. In vertebral artery fenestration, the vertebral artery originates from a single origin, prior to bifurcating into parallel vessels, which eventually again anastomose later 4,8."
"In vertebral artery duplication, two vertebral arteries arise from separate origins that then anastomose within the neck 1,3,7. In vertebral artery fenestration, the vertebral artery originates from a single origin, prior to bifurcating into parallel vessels, which eventually again anastomose later 4,8."
"In vertebral artery duplication, two vertebral arteries arise from separate origins that then anastomose within the neck 1,3,7. In vertebral artery fenestration, the vertebral artery originates from a single origin, prior to bifurcating into parallel vessels, which eventually again anastomose later 4,8."
"Vertebral artery partial duplication is often used as a synonym for fenestration or segmental duplication of the arterial lumen. Its use in literature tends to be inconsistent, and may be best avoided 4,8."
"When viewed on imaging, the paired vessels can often differ in size, and do not always run parallel. They tend to vary in the level of transverse foramina (usually between C3-C6). They may also run in the carotid or paravertebral compartments, often on either side of the longus colli, and can join either proximal or distal to the foraminal entry. The fused distal segment is often normally sized in comparison to the relative small proximal segments 1,3,6."
Expected headings
"Gross anatomy"
"Development"
"Clinical importance"
"The primary imaging finding is the presence of two distinct vertebral artery origins that anastomose to form a single vessel. When reporting, it is important to describe the side involved, origin of each vessel, the calibre, the course throughout the neck, the level of anastomosis, the transverse foramen entry level, and if there is any associated aneurysm, occlusion, or dissection 1,3."
"There are rare documented cases of dissection, aneurysm, thrombosis and posterior circulation ischaemia in the setting of vertebral artery duplication."
"There are rare documented cases of dissection, aneurysm, thrombosis and posterior circulation ischaemia in the setting of vertebral artery duplication."