"The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion is yet to be fully elucidated. It is thought that there is an infective, often a viral, trigger in half of cases, and that this trigger results in neuronal injury secondary to excitotoxicity 2,3. Multiple potential viral triggers have been identified, including HHV-6, HHV-7, influenza, echovirus, dengue and COVID-19 2,5,6,7."
"T2/FLAIR: normal"
"DWI: normal"
"MR spectroscopy: increased glutamine-glutamate peak, low NAA peak"
"T2/FLAIR: may show linear hyperintensities affecting the subcortical U-fibres"
"DWI: bright tree appearance, which can be unilateral or bilateral, often sparing perirolandic regions"
"MR spectroscopy: normal glutamine-glutamate peak, low NAA peak persists"
"Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD), also known as acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion, is a rare, parainfectious, paediatric encephalopathy syndrome 1 considered part of the infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES) group 9."
"The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion is yet to be fully elucidated. It is thought that there is an infective, often a viral, trigger in half of cases, and that this trigger results in neuronal injury secondary to excitotoxicity 2,3. Multiple potential viral triggers have been identified, including HHV-6, HHV-7, influenza, echovirus, dengue and COVID-19 2,5,6,7."
"The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion is yet to be fully elucidated. It is thought that there is an infective, often a viral, trigger in half of cases, and that this trigger results in neuronal injury secondary to excitotoxicity 2,3. Multiple potential viral triggers have been identified, including HHV-6, HHV-7, influenza, echovirus, dengue and COVID-19 2,5,6,7."
"MR spectroscopy: increased glutamine-glutamate peak, low NAA peak"
"MR spectroscopy: normal glutamine-glutamate peak, low NAA peak persists"
"traumatic brain injury with a biphasic clinical course and late reduced diffusion (TBIRD)"
"this is followed by a fluctuating but usually reduced conscious state, with or without persisting fever"
"The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion is yet to be fully elucidated. It is thought that there is an infective, often a viral, trigger in half of cases, and that this trigger results in neuronal injury secondary to excitotoxicity 2,3. Multiple potential viral triggers have been identified, including HHV-6, HHV-7, influenza, echovirus, dengue and COVID-19 2,5,6,7."
"The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion is yet to be fully elucidated. It is thought that there is an infective, often a viral, trigger in half of cases, and that this trigger results in neuronal injury secondary to excitotoxicity 2,3. Multiple potential viral triggers have been identified, including HHV-6, HHV-7, influenza, echovirus, dengue and COVID-19 2,5,6,7."
"Mainstay of management is supportive care with antiseizure medications and hypothermia management 1-3,6,7. However, other treatments have been utilised, including immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g. corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, tocilizumab) and neural protective therapy (e.g. 'mitochondrial cocktails' of vitamins) 1-3,6,7."