"CT is the initial investigation of choice. Post-contrast imaging is helpful in assessing for associated soft tissue or intracranial complications."
"T1: low signal"
"T2: high signal"
"DWI/ADC: diffusion restriction may be present"
"T1 C+ (Gd): mucosal contrast enhancement is present in the majority"
"In acute otitis media, an inflammatory middle ear effusion is present that can freely move into the mastoid air cells. Consequently, some authors comment that a mild mastoiditis is technically present in nearly all cases of acute otitis media 6. The mere presence of mastoid fluid on imaging, however, does not change the management of otherwise uncomplicated acute otitis media. Thus, many clinicians reserve the diagnosis for when there are clinical signs or symptoms of inflammation involving the mastoid. When mastoiditis and acute otitis media occur concurrently, sometimes the term "acute otomastoiditis" is used."
"When there is clinical evidence of acute mastoiditis, the initial stage is referred to as "acute mastoiditis with periostitis", "incipient mastoiditis", or "mild mastoiditis" 6,7. When mucoperiosteal involvement evolves into resorption of mastoid bony septa, this stage is referred to as coalescent mastoiditis. Coalescent mastoiditis is a radiological diagnosis."
"T1 C+ (Gd): mucosal contrast enhancement is present in the majority"
"It is most frequently due to bacterial infections, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae accounting for 65-80% of cases."
"H. influenzae, although less common, is the more aggressive agent, more frequently resulting in complications, especially meningitis."
"Streptococcus pneumoniae: most common"
"Haemophilus influenzae: common and more aggressive than pneumococcus"
"Aspergillus: aggressive; seen in older patients; frequently associated with facial nerve dysfunction"
"Streptococcus pneumoniae: most common"
"Haemophilus influenzae: common and more aggressive than pneumococcus"
"Aspergillus: aggressive; seen in older patients; frequently associated with facial nerve dysfunction"
"Bezold abscess"
"Citelli abscess"
Expected headings
"Signal characteristics"
"Complications"
"Aspergillus: aggressive; seen in older patients; frequently associated with facial nerve dysfunction"
"Aspergillus: aggressive; seen in older patients; frequently associated with facial nerve dysfunction"
"petrous apicitis: extension of infection into a pneumatised petrous apex; ~30% of the population has pneumatised petrous apex 2"