"lumbar canal stenosis due to herniation of intervertebral disc(s)"
"vertebral body fractures (e.g. burst fractures)"
"vertebral body tumours (e.g. vertebral body metastases)"
"intrathecal-extramedullary tumours (e.g. spinal meningioma, myxopapillary ependymoma etc.)"
"intramedullary tumours (e.g. spinal cord metastases)"