"improvement or normalisation of MRI lesion(s)"
"MOGAD is primarily encountered in children and young adults 1 with an estimated incidence of between 1.6 and 3.4 per 1,000,000 person-years 13 and a median age onset between 20-30 years. No sex difference in prevalence has been described 14. In children with acquired demyelination syndrome, MOG-IgG is more commonly detected than anti-AQP4 5."
"A: a core clinical demyelinating event"
"B: positive MOG-IgG on either serum or CSF"
"Dawson fingers are absent in MOGAD"
"if serum is not clearly positive or only CSF is positive, then AQP4-IgG needs to be negative AND ≥1 supportive clinical or MRI feature needs to be present"
"associated with FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) 7"
"Leptomeningeal enhancement is uncommon but encountered either in isolation (e.g. as part of aseptic meningitis) or along with cortical lesions (e.g. as part of FLAMES) 6,7,18. Parenchymal enhancement is also variable, with brainstem, grey matter, white matter, periventricular involvement reported 11."
Expected headings
"Brain involvement"
"Optic nerve involvement"
"Spinal cord involvement"
"As research was undergoing into MOGAD, many alternate terms were used in the literature, including MOG-IgG-associated optic neuritis, encephalitis, and myelitis (MONEM), anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis, anti-MOG encephalitis and other variations on this theme 1-4."
"Lesions tend to be T2 hyperintense, few in number, but sizeable, typically bilateral with ill-defined borders. Lesions can be supratentorial or infratentorial 27. Supratentorially, lesions tend to involve the cortex, either in isolation or as cortico-subcortical lesions, or involve the periventricular regions, deep grey matter (e.g. thalamus) or corpus callosum 27. Infratentorial involvement includes the brainstem, pons, and midbrain being more commonly affected than the medulla, cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncles, and abutting the 4th ventricle 6,27."
"optic neuritis in patients with MOGAD typically primarily affects only the anterior optic nerves and optic nerve sheaths (optic perineuritis), which are severely swollen, oedematous and tortuous, generally sparing the optic chiasm and optic tracts 6,27"