Radiopaedia Helpers

Citation Preceding Space

error

"In one systematic review, 11% of patients with suspected spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a negative brain and spine MRI have been shown to have a CSF-venous fistula, with a NPV for MRI of 89% ¹⁰. Patients with meningeal diverticula on spine imaging or reduced optic nerve sheath diameter could have increased chances of finding CSF-venous fistula with further imaging¹⁰."

Line 17:398 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '10'

Prefix Hyphens

warning

"Unlike other cases of intracranial hypotension due to CSF leaks, no accumulation of CSF outside of the dura can be identified (i.e. no spinal longitudinal epidural collection, no accumulation of radiotracer of contrast in an extra-dural para-spinal location)."

Line 14:229 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'extra-dural'.

Spinal Level Format

warning

"The site of fistula is usually in the thoracolumbar spine, most commonly the lower half of the thoracic spine (T7-T12, 68%) ³."

Line 16:115 · Consider removing the duplication of spinal level in the second reference 'T7-T12'.

Acronyms

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"In one systematic review, 11% of patients with suspected spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a negative brain and spine MRI have been shown to have a CSF-venous fistula, with a NPV for MRI of 89% ¹⁰. Patients with meningeal diverticula on spine imaging or reduced optic nerve sheath diameter could have increased chances of finding CSF-venous fistula with further imaging¹⁰."

Line 17:189 · 'NPV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Off-label warning: the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents for intrathecal administration is not approved by regulatory agencies such as the FDA. Read more: intrathecal gadolinium."

Line 25:173 · 'FDA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Case

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"MR myelography"

Line 23:5 · 'MR myelography' should use sentence-style capitalization.

Strong

warning

"Off-label warning: the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents for intrathecal administration is not approved by regulatory agencies such as the FDA. Read more: intrathecal gadolinium."

Line 25:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'Off-label warning'

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Associations"

Line 11:1 · "Associations" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Pathology").

"CT myelography"

Line 18:1 · "CT myelography" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"MR myelography"

Line 23:1 · "MR myelography" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Digital subtraction myelography"

Line 26:1 · "Digital subtraction myelography" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Dynamic fluoroscopic myelography"

Line 28:1 · "Dynamic fluoroscopic myelography" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"The vast majority of patients with a CSF-venous fistula only have one fistula ¹¹. However, rarely, two or more fistulas have been reported to be present concurrently ¹¹."

Line 10:106 · Use the Oxford comma in 'rarely, two or more'.

Lint: csf-venous-fistula