"NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on CT hardware and software, radiologists' and referrers' preference, institutional protocols, patient factors (e.g. allergy) and time constraints."
"patient positionsupine with their arms by their side"
"scoutCT to the vertex"
"scan extentCT to the vertex"
"scan directioncaudocranial"
"contrast injection considerationsinjection 75-100 ml of non-ionic iodinated contrast"
"scan delay45 seconds (see practical points)"
"respiration phase"
"suspended "
"suspended "
"contrast injection considerationsinjection 75-100 ml of non-ionic iodinated contrast"
"two-dimensional (2D) & three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar images, as well as rendering techniques such as maximum intensity projection (MIP), surface shaded displays (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) in a sagittal, coronal, and oblique planes"
"vascular malformations (e.g. AVM, dural arteriovenous fistula or developmental venous anomaly)"
"vascular malformations (e.g. AVM, dural arteriovenous fistula or developmental venous anomaly)"
Expected headings
"Purpose"
"Contraindications"
"Data acquisition and analysis"
"Findings"
"Venous sinus abnormalities"
"Parenchymal abnormalities"
"Variant anatomy"
"A CT venogram is obtained in a number of clinical scenarios where anatomy and patency of the cerebral veins is required. It is an alternative to MR venography. Indications include the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis and preoperative anatomy particularly for posterior fossa surgery where the sigmoid sinuses may be compressed (e.g. retrosigmoid craniotomies)."
"sinus stenosis or occlusion secondary to tumour invasion (e.g. meningioma)"
"vascular malformations (e.g. AVM, dural arteriovenous fistula or developmental venous anomaly)"
"variant anatomy of the sinuses (e.g. occipital sinus or persistent falcine sinus)"
"two-dimensional (2D) & three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar images, as well as rendering techniques such as maximum intensity projection (MIP), surface shaded displays (SSD) and volume rendering (VR) in a sagittal, coronal, and oblique planes"