"NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologists' and referrers' preferences, institutional protocols, patient factors and time constraints."
"Time-of-flight (TOF) MRV"
"The technique offers excellent contrast compared to background signal, and can determine the direction of flow. However it is vulnerable to motion-derived artifacts and turbulent flow within vessels. It is also significantly longer to acquire than e.g. TOF."
Expected headings
"Purpose"
"Non-contrast-enhanced flow related MRI"
"Time-of-flight (TOF) MRV"
"Phase-contrast MRV"
"Native contrast thrombus MRI"
"Contrast-enhanced MRV"