"Eastern equine encephalitis is caused by the EEEV, a single-stranded RNA alphavirus 1,2. Wild passeriformes, especially in the east and Gulf coasts of the United States, are reservoirs for the EEEV. The Culiseta melanura mosquito is the primary vector that maintains EEEV transmission amongst wild birds. Humans and other mammals become infected after being bitten by a bridge vector (e.g. mosquito of Aedes or Anopheles genus) which feeds on infected wild birds 9."
"Eastern equine encephalitis is caused by the EEEV, a single-stranded RNA alphavirus 1,2. Wild passeriformes, especially in the east and Gulf coasts of the United States, are reservoirs for the EEEV. The Culiseta melanura mosquito is the primary vector that maintains EEEV transmission amongst wild birds. Humans and other mammals become infected after being bitten by a bridge vector (e.g. mosquito of Aedes or Anopheles genus) which feeds on infected wild birds 9."
"There is no specific antiviral treatment available for eastern equine encephalitis, and thus supportive management (e.g. antiseizure medications, corticosteroids) is encouraged 1. Mortality is thought to be between 50-75%, however surviving infection with EEEV does confers lifelong immunity 1,3."
"Japanese encephalitis"
"West Nile fever"
"Murray Valley encephalitis"
"St. Louis encephalitis"
"St. Louis encephalitis"
"The EEEV is an arbovirus endemic to North, Central and South America. Its activity is concentrated in forested swamp habitats, which support populations of wild birds and mosquito vectors 9."
"Most patients have non-specific viral prodromal symptoms for approximately one week, including fevers, headache, nausea and vomiting, and malaise 1. This is followed by the emergence of neurological features, such as confusion, focal neurological signs, generalised or focal seizures, meningism, and somnolence 1. These neurological features rapidly progress, and the patient's condition typically deteriorates within days to become stuporous or comatose 1."
"Most patients have non-specific viral prodromal symptoms for approximately one week, including fevers, headache, nausea and vomiting, and malaise 1. This is followed by the emergence of neurological features, such as confusion, focal neurological signs, generalised or focal seizures, meningism, and somnolence 1. These neurological features rapidly progress, and the patient's condition typically deteriorates within days to become stuporous or comatose 1."
"Uncommonly, and as aforementioned, there may be additional involvement of the adjacent internal and external capsules, the brainstem (especially the midbrain), the periventricular white matter, the cortex (especially the medial temporal lobes), and the leptomeninges (see leptomeningeal enhancement) 1-6. Particular involvement of the internal and external capsules, visualised as linear T2-weighted regions of high signal, has emerged as a sign that may be unique to eastern equine encephalitis compared to other viral encephalitides, and has been described as the ‘parentheses sign’ 5."
"There is no specific antiviral treatment available for eastern equine encephalitis, and thus supportive management (e.g. antiseizure medications, corticosteroids) is encouraged 1. Mortality is thought to be between 50-75%, however surviving infection with EEEV does confers lifelong immunity 1,3."