Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"Hepatic adenomas are usually solitary (70-80% of cases ¹⁰) and large at the time of diagnosis (5-15 cm) ^3,13. They are most frequently seen at a subcapsular location in the right lobe of the liver and are often round, well-defined, pseudo-encapsulated masses. Occasional dystrophic calcification may be present."

Line 38:258 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'pseudo-encapsulated'.

List Punctuation

error

"hypoechoic: 20-40%, particularly if there is hepatic steatosis. A hypoechoic halo of focal fatty sparing is also frequently seen."

Line 112:146 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

">80% of beta-catenin mutated exon 3 HCA are iso or hyperintense during the hepatobiliary phase due to increased OATP expression²². This imaging feature can be used in risk stratification."

Line 159:191 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

Strong List Colon Position

error

"T1: variable and can range from being hyper-, iso-, to hypointense (hyperintense in 35-77% of cases ⁸)"

Line 145:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T1: variable'

"T2: mildly hyperintense (in 47-74% of cases ^2,8)"

Line 146:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T2: mildly'

"IP/OP: presence of fat typically leads to signal dropout on out-of-phase imaging"

Line 147:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'IP/OP: presence'

"T1 C+ (Eovist/Primovist): "

Line 156:4 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'T1 C+ (Eovist/Primovist): '

Citation Preceding Space

error

">80% of beta-catenin mutated exon 3 HCA are iso or hyperintense during the hepatobiliary phase due to increased OATP expression²². This imaging feature can be used in risk stratification."

Line 159:135 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '22'

Acronyms

warning

"highest risk of HCC transformation ²¹"

Line 68:24 · 'HCC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"negligible risk of HCC transformation"

Line 81:27 · 'HCC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"IP/OP: presence of fat typically leads to signal dropout on out-of-phase imaging"

Line 147:19 · 'OP' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

">80% of beta-catenin mutated exon 3 HCA are iso or hyperintense during the hepatobiliary phase due to increased OATP expression²². This imaging feature can be used in risk stratification."

Line 159:44 · 'HCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

">80% of beta-catenin mutated exon 3 HCA are iso or hyperintense during the hepatobiliary phase due to increased OATP expression²². This imaging feature can be used in risk stratification."

Line 159:120 · 'OATP' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"In inoperable cases, hepatic arterial embolisation may have a role ⁷. Embolisation is the treatment of choice for an acutely bleeding HCA."

Line 173:163 · 'HCA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

List Caps

warning

"Sonic hedgehog-activated hepatic adenoma"

Line 95:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Strong

warning

"T2: bright central scar that has late enhancement"

Line 210:8 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'T2: bright central scar that has late enhancement'

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Molecular classifications"

Line 45:1 · "Molecular classifications" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Complications"

Line 174:1 · "Complications" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Treatment and prognosis").

Semicolons

suggestion

"Hepatic adenomas, or hepatocellular adenomas, are benign, generally hormone-induced liver tumours with a predilection for haemorrhage. They need to be differentiated from other focal liver tumours (especially focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma). Although usually solitary, hepatic adenomas can be multiple and numerous in a number of conditions; when more than 10 in number, the term hepatic adenomatosis should be used²³. This is discussed separately."

Line 1:416 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"hypervascular; similar to focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), although adenomas usually enhance to a lesser degree"

Line 124:21 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"diffuse or centripetal (periphery-to-centre) filling; the latter is helpful, as FNH shows centrifugal filling^11,16,23"

Line 125:67 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"Larger lesions (>5 cm) often demonstrate more heterogeneous features, including fibrosis, haemorrhage, necrosis and calcification²³."

Line 115:94 · Use the Oxford comma in 'haemorrhage, necrosis and calcification'.

"Management is usually determined by a number of factors, including patient sex, tumour size, location and the presence of any complications²³."

Line 168:91 · Use the Oxford comma in 'size, location and the'.

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