"History and etymology "
"John Cunningham virus (JC virus), also known as human polyomavirus 2, is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus of the polyomaviridae family 1. In immunocompromised individuals, reactivation can lead to a variety of disease of the central nervous system, the most common of which is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)."
"Infection with JC virus, usually asymptomatic, results in latent infection in various organs and tissues of the body. When patients are immunocompromised, the virus can reactivate and migrate to the central nervous system, with a predilection for glial cells, thus resulting in the classical leukoencephalopathy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 6."
"JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (rare)"
"JC virus meningitis (rare)"
"JC virus encephalopathy (very rare)"
Expected headings
"History and etymology "
"It has been reported that ~70% of adults have been exposed to this virus; however, no significant clinical syndrome has been associated with this acquisition in the majority of immunocompetent hosts 1."
"Numerous causes of immunosuppression have been implicated in reactivation of the virus, including HIV/AIDS, malignancy (e.g. lymphoma), immonusuppressants, and immunomodulators (e.g. natalizumab for multiple sclerosis)."