"Additionally, a number of patterns of cranial nerve palsies have been described due to the involvement of the nerves at the jugular foramen. These include 3-4:"
"T1: low signal 3"
"T2: high signal"
"T1 C+ (Gd): marked intense enhancement 2-4"
"malignant transformation is less common, seen in 2-13% of cases 3."
"Angiography demonstrates an intense tumour blush, with the most common feeding vessel being the ascending pharyngeal 3. Early draining veins are also noted due to intra-tumoural shunting 4."
Expected headings
"Complications"
"The term "glomus" was historically used to describe certain types of neuroendocrine tumours arising from paraganglia. The term is, however, imprecise and can be confused with the glomus bodies and tumours that arise from them. It can also be mixed up with glomus tumours of the subcutaneous skin, also referred to as glomangioma."
"Salt and pepper appearance is seen on both T1 and T2 weighted sequences; the salt representing blood products from haemorrhage or slow flow and the pepper representing flow voids due to high vascularity. It should be noted that this appearance is sometimes encountered in other lesions (e.g. hypervascular metastases) and is not typically seen in smaller paragangliomas 3."
"hypervascular tumours may be very similar in appearances (e.g. renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer)"