"typically solitary cortical or corticomedullary renal lesions with a mean diameter of 2cm-5cm 6"
"typically solitary cortical or corticomedullary renal lesions with a mean diameter of 2cm-5cm 6"
"Accuracy of renal vein sampling may be improved preprocedure by enacting a low sodium diet (40mg/day) for 4 days prior and sampling before the patient sits up morning of procedure from a supine position overnight 6. These measures improve accuracy of lateralisation because renin release follows a diurnal variability with responsiveness to postural change, sodium intake, catecholamines and certain medications 7."
"Additionally stimulation of renin release intraprocedure with administration of furosemide, enalaprilat 0.04 mg/kg (max dose 2.5mg) or oral captopril 25mg also improves sensitivity 6,7."
"Additionally stimulation of renin release intraprocedure with administration of furosemide, enalaprilat 0.04 mg/kg (max dose 2.5mg) or oral captopril 25mg also improves sensitivity 6,7."
"T1: iso-signal intensity"
"T2: high-signal intensity, although isointense and hypointense signal has been described 6"
"Complete tumour resection by radical or partial nephrectomy is the best treatment for juxtaglomerular cell tumour. Anti-hypertensive agents can be used to manage hypertension until definitive therapy is planned. Hypertension however is progressive, with the effectivness of pharmacological RAAS blockage declining over time 6,7."
Expected headings
"Venography"
"There is a female predominance (female-to-male ratio of 2:1), with a mean age of 27 years 6. However, all age groups are affected, with peak prevalence in the second and third decades of life."
"Patients with a juxtaglomerular cell tumour present with headaches, dizziness, double vision, retinopathy, nausea, vomiting, and polyuria, with most of these features being attributable to hypertension or hypokalaemia. Reninoma may also cause stroke and death secondary to hypertension 5. Hypertension is usually severe with a mean blood pressure of 201/130 mm Hg with 80% also presenting with hypokaelemia 6."
"Accuracy of renal vein sampling may be improved preprocedure by enacting a low sodium diet (40mg/day) for 4 days prior and sampling before the patient sits up morning of procedure from a supine position overnight 6. These measures improve accuracy of lateralisation because renin release follows a diurnal variability with responsiveness to postural change, sodium intake, catecholamines and certain medications 7."
"History and etymology"