"The tumour typically arises from mesodermal precursors of the renal parenchyma (metanephros). Increasingly gene loci are being implicated on chromosome 11 (WT1: 11p13 and WT2: 11p15) as well as WTX on chromosome X, β-catenin on chromosome 3 or TP53 on chromosome 17 1."
"WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumour, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, range of developmental delays)"
"Ultrasound is a very useful examination and in almost every situation will be the primary investigation of choice. It is helpful to localise the mass to the kidney and also distinguish from other causes of renal masses (e.g. hydronephrosis). Although many of the features seen on CT/MRI can also be identified on US, the former are required to adequately stage the disease and is established in protocols for Wilms tumour staging in North America and Europe 9."
"T1: hypointense"
"T2: hyperintense"
Expected headings
"Associations"
"There is no recognised gender predilection, however, presentation is a little later in females 2. The vast majority are unilateral with"
"There is no value of CT multiphase abdomen and pelvis in characterising renal tumours in children. CT scan done in portal venous phase is sufficient to characterise Wilms tumour 12."
"Metastases are most commonly to lung (85%), liver and local lymph nodes 1. Similar to renal cell carcinoma, tumour thrombus into the renal vein, IVC and right atrium is also characteristic of advanced disease. See also: Wilms tumour staging."
"History and etymology"
"Max Wilms (1867-1918), surgeon; Heidelberg, Germany 3"
"Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld (1842-1899), physician; Leipzig, Germany 6"
"William Osler (1849-1919), physician; Montreal, Canada 7"
"childhood renal cell cancer: extremely rare in the paediatric population (outnumbered by Wilms tumours 30:1 8); it becomes more common in the second decade of life 10"