"Magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) is an imaging technique used to visualise and map the lymphatic vessels. The technique is used for treatment planning in supermicrosurgical procedures, including lymphaticovenous anastomosis, lymphaticolymphatic bypass and vascularised lymph node transfers. When gadolinium-based contrast medium (GBCM) is injected directly into groin lymph nodes, intra-nodal dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRL can be used to study central conducting lymphatics and aid in the evaluation of pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndromes (such as plastic bronchitis), chylothorax, neonatal lymphatic disorders, chylous ascites and protein-losing enteropathies 2."
"For intra-nodal DCE MRL, small needles (e.g. 25-gauge) are usually inserted bilaterally into groin lymph nodes under ultrasound guidance with subsequent slow injection of GBCM and imaging roughly every minute with a high spatial and temporal resolution MRI sequence 2,3."
"Magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) is an imaging technique used to visualise and map the lymphatic vessels. The technique is used for treatment planning in supermicrosurgical procedures, including lymphaticovenous anastomosis, lymphaticolymphatic bypass and vascularised lymph node transfers. When gadolinium-based contrast medium (GBCM) is injected directly into groin lymph nodes, intra-nodal dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRL can be used to study central conducting lymphatics and aid in the evaluation of pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndromes (such as plastic bronchitis), chylothorax, neonatal lymphatic disorders, chylous ascites and protein-losing enteropathies 2."
"on dynamic series, lymphatic enhancement increases and progresses proximally with time; meanwhile, venous enhancement reduces over time 4"