"American football"
"British Athletics muscle injury classification"
"Conservative management includes activity modification with an initial period following the commonly referenced RICE (rest, ice, compression and limb elevation) principle, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation and exercise regimen. In the meantime, updated protocols, e.g. PEACE & LOVE (protection elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education & load, optimism, vascularisation, exercise ) are increasingly recommended in current sports medicine practice 17."
"Conservative management includes activity modification with an initial period following the commonly referenced RICE (rest, ice, compression and limb elevation) principle, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation and exercise regimen. In the meantime, updated protocols, e.g. PEACE & LOVE (protection elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education & load, optimism, vascularisation, exercise ) are increasingly recommended in current sports medicine practice 17."
"Conservative management includes activity modification with an initial period following the commonly referenced RICE (rest, ice, compression and limb elevation) principle, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation and exercise regimen. In the meantime, updated protocols, e.g. PEACE & LOVE (protection elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education & load, optimism, vascularisation, exercise ) are increasingly recommended in current sports medicine practice 17."
"Recovery will depend on the type and extent of the injury and might take from 2-3 weeks in case of a muscle contusion or myofascial injury, up to four months or longer in displaced anterior iliac spine avulsion injuries 3,6."
Expected headings
"Mechanism"
"Associations"
"Subtypes"
"Sports and activities involving a great amount of kicking, jumping and running are considered risk factors for developing a rectus femoris muscle injury and include 1-3:"
"The rectus femoris muscle crosses two joints, plays an active part in knee extension and hip flexion and features a high proportion of fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibres and is characterised by a complex musculotendinous architecture, which is considered a predisposing factor for strain injury 1. Muscle injury patterns include strains, contusions and lacerations."
"Especially sprinting, jumping and kicking motions are associated with forceful eccentric contractions during counteraction of knee flexion and hip extension, leading to the development of high forces across the muscle-tendon units, which can cause strain injury 1-3."
"Typical features of muscle injuries on MRI include fluid signal intensity tracking and surrounding the muscle fibres, myofascial, myotendinous or tendinous units of the rectus femoris muscle and/or discontinuities of the respective muscle components. Location, severity and extent of the muscle injury and extent of muscle retraction can be determined on MRI, and even subtle tears can be detected with a suitable MRI protocol and proper knowledge of anatomy 15."
"Typical features of muscle injuries on MRI include fluid signal intensity tracking and surrounding the muscle fibres, myofascial, myotendinous or tendinous units of the rectus femoris muscle and/or discontinuities of the respective muscle components. Location, severity and extent of the muscle injury and extent of muscle retraction can be determined on MRI, and even subtle tears can be detected with a suitable MRI protocol and proper knowledge of anatomy 15."
"A further objective of MRI is to predict the time required for rehabilitation, recovery and return to sports, especially in athletes."
"location, type and extent of the lesion"
"Conservative management includes activity modification with an initial period following the commonly referenced RICE (rest, ice, compression and limb elevation) principle, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation and exercise regimen. In the meantime, updated protocols, e.g. PEACE & LOVE (protection elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education & load, optimism, vascularisation, exercise ) are increasingly recommended in current sports medicine practice 17."
"A rehabilitation protocol should comprise movement, walking, and running exercises as well as stretching, strengthening, range of motion, endurance and agility training. Exercises should be initiated gradually and advanced continuously, and should be conducted without increasing pain in the quadriceps 3."
"The proximal tendons and the rectus femoris muscle can be nicely visualised on ultrasound. An anterior iliac spine avulsion injury can be visualised with a variably sized fragment separated from the pelvic bone by an anechoic fluid collection. The conjoined tendon and the direct head can also be depicted and easily assessed; evaluation of the indirect head is more difficult due to its depth 7-9."
"Conservative management includes activity modification with an initial period following the commonly referenced RICE (rest, ice, compression and limb elevation) principle, followed by a comprehensive rehabilitation and exercise regimen. In the meantime, updated protocols, e.g. PEACE & LOVE (protection elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education & load, optimism, vascularisation, exercise ) are increasingly recommended in current sports medicine practice 17."