"Calculator: Spetzler-Martin AVM calculator"
"medium (3–6 cm) = 2"
"20–40 years = 2"
"Adding these additional features results in a supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (SM-Supp score) from 2 to 10. Patients with a SM-Supp score ≤6 have acceptably low surgical risk (0–24% with worse neurologic outcome), while those at SM-Supp score >6 had higher risk (39–63%) 4. Note, this is specific to microsurgical management and does not apply to radiotherapy or embolisation."
"Adding these additional features results in a supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (SM-Supp score) from 2 to 10. Patients with a SM-Supp score ≤6 have acceptably low surgical risk (0–24% with worse neurologic outcome), while those at SM-Supp score >6 had higher risk (39–63%) 4. Note, this is specific to microsurgical management and does not apply to radiotherapy or embolisation."
"A special category, grade VI, is defined as "inoperable," in which surgical resection would almost certainly cause total disability or death. At the time of the original grading system proposal, this category included diffuse nidus arteriovenous malformations that encompass eloquent brain structures."
"Calculator: Spetzler-Martin AVM calculator"
"Adding these additional features results in a supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (SM-Supp score) from 2 to 10. Patients with a SM-Supp score ≤6 have acceptably low surgical risk (0–24% with worse neurologic outcome), while those at SM-Supp score >6 had higher risk (39–63%) 4. Note, this is specific to microsurgical management and does not apply to radiotherapy or embolisation."
"Adding these additional features results in a supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (SM-Supp score) from 2 to 10. Patients with a SM-Supp score ≤6 have acceptably low surgical risk (0–24% with worse neurologic outcome), while those at SM-Supp score >6 had higher risk (39–63%) 4. Note, this is specific to microsurgical management and does not apply to radiotherapy or embolisation."
"Adding these additional features results in a supplemented Spetzler-Martin grade (SM-Supp score) from 2 to 10. Patients with a SM-Supp score ≤6 have acceptably low surgical risk (0–24% with worse neurologic outcome), while those at SM-Supp score >6 had higher risk (39–63%) 4. Note, this is specific to microsurgical management and does not apply to radiotherapy or embolisation."
"The grading system was proposed in 1986 by Drs Robert F Spetzler and Neil A Martin, both neurosurgeons at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Arizona, USA 1. The supplementary grading scale was proposed in 2010 by Dr Michael Lawton, a neurosurgeon, and Helen Kim, PhD, an epidemiologist, at the University of California, San Francisco 3."
Expected headings
"Supplemented grading"
"The impact of both patient age and nidus compactness is a fairly obvious prognostic factor: younger patients are better able to tolerate surgery and have greater neuroplasticity, and a compact nidus is easier to resect without also resecting functional neural tissue. Presenting with haemorrhage is more counterintuitive; however, haemorrhage spontaneously dissects the nidus away from the brain parenchyma, making localisation easier at surgery. Furthermore, once the haematoma is evacuated, the space remaining allows for better surgical access 4."
"History and etymology"
"The grading system was proposed in 1986 by Drs Robert F Spetzler and Neil A Martin, both neurosurgeons at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Arizona, USA 1. The supplementary grading scale was proposed in 2010 by Dr Michael Lawton, a neurosurgeon, and Helen Kim, PhD, an epidemiologist, at the University of California, San Francisco 3."