"Most thoracoplasties are performed through a standard posterolateral thoracotomy, which can be extended upward if necessary. The 2nd to the 8th ribs are usually resected in an extra-musculo-periosteal fashion (should extend one rib inferior to the extent of the disease). The 1st rib is preserved (to maintain the integrity of the neck and shoulder girdle) 1,3."
"a space is created between the rib cage, periosteum and endothoracic fascia (without resecting the ribs) 3"
"History and etymology"