"Pre-operative assessment before TAVI includes several tests and imaging examinations that are performed to evaluate the vascular status, potential anatomic problems (e.g. severe iliac calcifications) and best surgical approach."
"Ultrasound allows for dynamic analysis of the heart function and assessment of aortic stenosis and measurement of aortic annulus and left ventricular outflow tract. It also allows for evaluation of the other cardiac valves although aortic stenosis remains the main indication for valve replacement. Transoesophageal echocardiography may be performed instead of trans-thoracic echocardiography for a better visualisation of the cardiac valves."
"transsubclavian: this technique is a surgical option in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease."
"Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) is a technique to replace the aortic valve through a transvascular or transapical approach. Compared to traditional open aortic valve replacement with sternotomy and a heart-lung bypass machine, the TAVI technique is less invasive and can be performed on the beating heart. Thus, this technique may be beneficial for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and a high-risk for perioperative complications."
"Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) is a technique to replace the aortic valve through a transvascular or transapical approach. Compared to traditional open aortic valve replacement with sternotomy and a heart-lung bypass machine, the TAVI technique is less invasive and can be performed on the beating heart. Thus, this technique may be beneficial for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and a high-risk for perioperative complications."
"Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) is a technique to replace the aortic valve through a transvascular or transapical approach. Compared to traditional open aortic valve replacement with sternotomy and a heart-lung bypass machine, the TAVI technique is less invasive and can be performed on the beating heart. Thus, this technique may be beneficial for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and a high-risk for perioperative complications."
"Pre-operative assessment before TAVI includes several tests and imaging examinations that are performed to evaluate the vascular status, potential anatomic problems (e.g. severe iliac calcifications) and best surgical approach."
"Innovations have lead to automated analysis of cardiac CT data for preprocedural planning of TAVI. The aortic annulus and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) can be accurately measured to select a fitting aortic valve replacement 3. When using retrospectively ECG-gated protocols, cardiac volumetry and function can also be assessed. It is crucial to measure the distance between the coronary ostia and the aortic annulus to allow for safe placement of the valve replacement (distance less than 10 mm is a contraindication for TAVI). Furthermore, CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and ilio-femoral vessels is performed for preprocedural planning."
"Innovations have lead to automated analysis of cardiac CT data for preprocedural planning of TAVI. The aortic annulus and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) can be accurately measured to select a fitting aortic valve replacement 3. When using retrospectively ECG-gated protocols, cardiac volumetry and function can also be assessed. It is crucial to measure the distance between the coronary ostia and the aortic annulus to allow for safe placement of the valve replacement (distance less than 10 mm is a contraindication for TAVI). Furthermore, CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and ilio-femoral vessels is performed for preprocedural planning."
"There are two main access routes for TAVI - endovascular and open. Individual selection of an access is based on patient anatomy, cardiac anatomy and cardiovascular disease."
"transfemoral: this is the most widely used technique for TAVI, a small incision is made in the groin and a catheter is placed in the femoral artery and used to deliver the folded aortic valve replacement"
"transapical: a small transthoracic incision is made to allow for visualisation of the cardiac apex, this antegrade approach may be a viable option for patients with significant vascular calcifications and due to the direct access significantly reduce vascular injury during TAVI"
"Although TAVI is a less-invasive technique with a reduced periprocedural risk for the patient compared to traditional open heart surgery, several complications may occur 2. The valve replacement may be malpositioned, dislodge and embolise (~1%) 11, block the coronary ostia, or limit the mitral valve mobility."
"TAVI may also lead to an atrioventricular block requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker. TAVI is also associated with an increased risk for acute renal failure."
"TAVI may also lead to an atrioventricular block requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker. TAVI is also associated with an increased risk for acute renal failure."
"Any cardiovascular intervention can result in aortic dissection, bleeding, cardiac tamponade, delayed wound healing, infection, myocardial infarction, stroke or other vascular complications. Obviously, vascular injuries are more likely when selecting a transvascular approach for TAVI. However, the tendency for selecting a reduced sheath size has led to a decrease in vascular complications."
Expected headings
"Preparation"
"Ultrasound"
"Echocardiography"
"CT"
"Technique"
"Endovascular"
"Open"
"Complications"
"There are two main access routes for TAVI - endovascular and open. Individual selection of an access is based on patient anatomy, cardiac anatomy and cardiovascular disease."
"Although TAVI is a less-invasive technique with a reduced periprocedural risk for the patient compared to traditional open heart surgery, several complications may occur 2. The valve replacement may be malpositioned, dislodge and embolise (~1%) 11, block the coronary ostia, or limit the mitral valve mobility."
"Any cardiovascular intervention can result in aortic dissection, bleeding, cardiac tamponade, delayed wound healing, infection, myocardial infarction, stroke or other vascular complications. Obviously, vascular injuries are more likely when selecting a transvascular approach for TAVI. However, the tendency for selecting a reduced sheath size has led to a decrease in vascular complications."
"Any cardiovascular intervention can result in aortic dissection, bleeding, cardiac tamponade, delayed wound healing, infection, myocardial infarction, stroke or other vascular complications. Obviously, vascular injuries are more likely when selecting a transvascular approach for TAVI. However, the tendency for selecting a reduced sheath size has led to a decrease in vascular complications."