Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"From the Renaissance period to the Early-Modern period, trepanation was more formally described in medical literature for the treatment of depressed skull fractures or penetrating head trauma. However, due to the high mortality, especially in the pre-penicillin era, it is criticised by many prominent surgeons in that period ³."

Line 36:251 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'pre-penicillin'.

Emphasis

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"The terms trepan and trephine are often synonymous, but originates from different origins. Trepan came from the Greek word trupan “to bore”; whereas trephine came from Latin tres fines "three ends", a triangular instrument for trepanation first used by anatomist and Father of Embryology Hieronymus Fabricius³."

Line 40:161 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: '<em>trupan</em> “to bore”; whereas trephine came from Latin <em>tres fines </em>'

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Indications
H1 Contraindications
H1 Preprocedural evaluation
H1 Procedure
H2 Equipment
H2 Technique
H2 Postprocedural care
H1 Postprocedural evaluation
H2 Radiographic features
H1 Complications
H1 Outcomes
H1 History and etymology
H1 See also

"Technique"

Line 18:1 · "Technique" should be H2, not H1.

"Early use of trepanation"

Line 31:1 · "Early use of trepanation" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Discontinuation"

Line 35:1 · "Discontinuation" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Burr hole surgery"

Line 37:1 · "Burr hole surgery" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Etymology"

Line 39:1 · "Etymology" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Biographical Lifespan

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"History and etymology"

Line 30:1 · A bold element in the History and etymology section should be a person; it would be useful to have their lifespan details: '<h4>History and etymology</h4> <h5>Early use of trepanation</h5> <p>The earliest evidence of trepanation dates back to the Neolithic period and is regarded as the first surgical procedure performed by man <sup>4</sup>. 5-10% of all skulls discovered from the period around the world (including the Indo-Europe and South America) have been trephined <sup>1</sup>.</p> <p>The purpose of prehistoric trepanation was thought to help release the unwanted spirits of vapours from the head. It is not as fatal as expected, as 80% of the subjects may have survived the procedure itself <sup>2</sup>. Some of the earliest research done on trepanation from the prehistorical era was performed by Professor Paul Broca (of <a>Broca’s Area</a>) at the University of Paris <sup>3</sup>.</p> <p>It is continued to be practised throughout history, from the Egyptian and Babylonian periods to the Mediaeval era. Egyptian and Babylonian cultures practice trepanation infrequently, and its use remained to be associated with magical and religious practices. Ancient Greco-Romanic culture saw the first medical use of trepanation, in which Galen described its use in managing pain in head injuries, and both religious and medical uses of trepanation were seen in the Middle Ages <sup>1</sup>.</p> <h5>Discontinuation</h5> <p>From the Renaissance period to the Early-Modern period, trepanation was more formally described in medical literature for the treatment of depressed skull fractures or penetrating head trauma. However, due to the high mortality, especially in the pre-penicillin era, it is criticised by many prominent surgeons in that period <sup>3</sup>.</p> <h5>Burr hole surgery</h5> <p>It is only after the discovery of modern microbiology and aseptic surgery that allowed modern routine surgical trepanation, or <strong>burr holes</strong>, as it is now known.</p> <h5>Etymology</h5> <p>The terms <strong>trepan</strong> '

Semicolons

suggestion

"The terms trepan and trephine are often synonymous, but originates from different origins. Trepan came from the Greek word trupan “to bore”; whereas trephine came from Latin tres fines "three ends", a triangular instrument for trepanation first used by anatomist and Father of Embryology Hieronymus Fabricius³."

Line 40:186 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: trepanation