"post-varicella vasculitis"
"The term moyamoya disease should be reserved for an idiopathic, sometimes familial, condition, which leads to characteristic intracranial vascular changes 16."
"Numerous entities have been described that mimic the appearance, in which case the term moyamoya syndrome (or phenomenon or pattern or angiopathy or quasi-moyamoya) is used, which then can be further broadly divided into atherosclerotic causes and vasculitic/inflammatory causes 11,16."
"RNF213, which plays a role in cerebrovascular angiogenesis, is a major susceptibility gene in moyamoya disease 15,16,26."
"pial collaterals from less affected vessels (especially PCA): forming the so-called ivy sign (high serpentine sulcal FLAIR signal intensity due to slow flow and also a high signal on T1 postcontrast-enhanced MRI) 3"
"intracerebral haemorrhage, typically basal ganglia haemorrhage and/or intraventricular haemorrhage, more likely to occur in young to middle age adult patients, patients with collateral circulation where perfusion has normalised such as long-term post bypass surgery or patients with extensive choroidal collaterals, advanced Suzuki stage, fetal-type PCA, patients with previous haemorrhage or microbleeds, and patients with ACA occlusion 13"
"intracerebral haemorrhage, typically basal ganglia haemorrhage and/or intraventricular haemorrhage, more likely to occur in young to middle age adult patients, patients with collateral circulation where perfusion has normalised such as long-term post bypass surgery or patients with extensive choroidal collaterals, advanced Suzuki stage, fetal-type PCA, patients with previous haemorrhage or microbleeds, and patients with ACA occlusion 13"
"Direct revascularisation techniques achieve an extracranial-intracranial bypass (EC-IC bypass) by anastomosing the external carotid artery circulation to the middle cerebral artery 26. This is more commonly performed in adults as the vessels are of larger calibre. Options include:"
"superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass"
"occipital artery to middle cerebral artery (OA-MCA) bypass"
Expected headings
"Classification"
"Complications"
"abnormal vascular networks (at least 2 visible flow voids, unilateral or bilateral) in the basal ganglia or periventricular white matter on MRA"
"Presentation is to some degree age dependent, with the most serious clinical presentation being stroke 16. In children, hemispheric ischaemic strokes or transient ischaemic attack are most pronounced, through either hypoperfusion (i.e. watershed infarction) or artery-to-artery thromboembolism 16. In adults, haemorrhage from the abnormal vessels is more common, either intracerebral haemorrhage, or less commonly, intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhage 6,16."
"intracerebral haemorrhage, typically basal ganglia haemorrhage and/or intraventricular haemorrhage, more likely to occur in young to middle age adult patients, patients with collateral circulation where perfusion has normalised such as long-term post bypass surgery or patients with extensive choroidal collaterals, advanced Suzuki stage, fetal-type PCA, patients with previous haemorrhage or microbleeds, and patients with ACA occlusion 13"
"The term "moyamoya" comes from a Japanese expression for something "hazy just like a puff of cigarette smoke drifting in the air" was first used in the English literature by Jiro Suzuki and Akira Takaku, Japanese neurosurgeons, in 1969 1,14,15, however, the first reported case was by K Takeuchi and K Shimizu in 1957 with many cases and case series published in the Japanese literature in the late 1950s and through the 1960s 14,15."
"no outward remodelling (outer wall area of the stenotic segment greater than proximal normal segment; seen in atherosclerosis)"
"History and etymology"