"Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT epilepsy imaging include technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), which allow imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 18."
"Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT epilepsy imaging include technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), which allow imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 18."
"Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT epilepsy imaging include technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), which allow imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 18."
"Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT epilepsy imaging include technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), which allow imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 18."
"Drug resistant epilepsy is defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as epilepsy in which sustained seizure freedom (of at least 12 months) has not been achieved despite adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiseizure medications, whether as monotherapies or in combination 16."
"physical effects/complications of epileptic seizures, e.g. injury, death (including sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)), neurocognitive deterioration"
"If perfusion neuroimaging is performed during a seizure (i.e. ictal SPECT), it can be useful for localising the epileptogenic zone 6,7. Postictal SPECT and interictal SPECT are less sensitive than ictal SPECT 12, however, ictal-interictal SPECT subtraction, particularly with MRI coregistration (i.e. subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM)), can be highly sensitive 13,14."
"e.g. channelopathies (e.g. Dravet syndrome and fragile X syndrome), neurocutaneous syndromes (e.g. tuberous sclerosis), and chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and ring chromosome 20 syndrome)"
"lifestyle restrictions, e.g. driving restrictions, restrictions on employment, limiting exposure to drugs and alcohol"
Expected headings
"Radiographic features"
"MRI"
"Nuclear medicine"
"SPECT"
"FDG-PET"
"PET-TSPO"
"at least two or more unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart; or"
"one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years; or"
"may be motor onset or non-motor onset (e.g. sensory or autonomic)"
"e.g. channelopathies (e.g. Dravet syndrome and fragile X syndrome), neurocutaneous syndromes (e.g. tuberous sclerosis), and chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and ring chromosome 20 syndrome)"
"may be motor seizures, e.g. tonic-clonic (preferred term to 'grand mal') seizure, clonic seizure, tonic seizure, myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizure, myoclonic-atonic seizure, atonic seizure"
"acquired, e.g. stroke, cerebral palsy, post meningitis, traumatic brain injury, vascular malformations, mesial temporal sclerosis, meningoencephaloceles, tumours (e.g. long-term epilepsy-associated tumours, low-grade gliomas, etc.), porencephalic cysts"
"Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT epilepsy imaging include technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), which allow imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 18."