Expected headings
"Associations"
"Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common and come with a large cost to both society and the affected individual. Although the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is a clinical decision, imaging, particularly CT, plays a key role in diagnostic work-up, classification, prognostication, and follow-up."
"fractures traversing the dural venous sinus or jugular bulb are often associated with injuries to the venous structures (e.g. compression from an extra-axial haematoma and/or thrombosis)"
"results from axonal stretch or shear stress, usually affecting organised white matter tracts (e.g. corpus callosum, internal capsule, dorsal midbrain, pons) or the grey-white matter interface (particularly in the frontal lobes)"
"Benefits of CT in the acute setting over MRI include increased sensitive for detection of fracture, vascular injury, CSF leak, and not needing to assess for MRI safety (particular in the setting of penetrating injury). CT can also be used to formally classify the degree of injury using a formal scale (e.g. Marshall classification or Rotterdam CT score)."
"mixed-attenuation SDH is not necessarily acute on chronic; other causes of hypoattenuating portions of subdural haematomas include hyperacute haemorrhage and unclotted chronic blood products (particularly in patients with coagulopathy) 8"
"thought to be related to dysfunctional cerebral autoregulation or blood-brain barrier disruption; both vasogenic and cytotoxic oedema may occur"
"MRI has a supplementary role, especially in the evaluation of patients whose clinical condition do not match the CT findings (this can often occur in DAI) 1,2. MRI has increased sensitivity in detecting blood products (SAH, EDH, SDH, and haemorrhagic contusions), non-haemorrhagic cortical contusions, brain-stem injuries and axonal injuries 8. There is evidence to support the use of MRI in the setting of normal CT if there are persistent unexplained neurological findings and clinically traumatic brain injury is suspected. MRI is the preferred imaging modality in the setting of subacute or chronic traumatic brain injury with neurologic symptoms due to its higher sensitivity 8. Please see the relevant articles for imaging findings."