"There is significant debate and controversy regarding the differences between and definitions of 'concussion' and 'mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)' 1-5. Indeed, there is no universally accepted definition for either diagnosis (c. 2026) 2,3, although, there is a consensus definition of concussion in the context of sport (sport-related concussion) 14. While some authors use the diagnoses concussion and mild traumatic brain injury synonymously 4,10, others contend that they are different 2,3. Some authors have even suggested abandoning the term concussion entirely given it is so heterogeneously defined and thus, may not be useful 2."
"other symptoms mechanically related to the head trauma, e.g. headache, facial or scalp swelling, focal neurological deficit, papilloedema, etc."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Complications"
"There is significant debate and controversy regarding the differences between and definitions of 'concussion' and 'mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)' 1-5. Indeed, there is no universally accepted definition for either diagnosis (c. 2026) 2,3, although, there is a consensus definition of concussion in the context of sport (sport-related concussion) 14. While some authors use the diagnoses concussion and mild traumatic brain injury synonymously 4,10, others contend that they are different 2,3. Some authors have even suggested abandoning the term concussion entirely given it is so heterogeneously defined and thus, may not be useful 2."
"There are a number of clinical tools designed to help diagnose concussion in various contexts, such as the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6) 6,14."
"often migrainous in character with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea and vomiting"
"direct blunt trauma (e.g. sport-related concussion)"
"rapid acceleration-deceleration of the head (e.g. whiplash)"
"Generally, imaging is not necessary or indicated in patients with concussion, especially in the setting of sport 7,10,14. Indeed, conventional neuroimaging with CT and MRI is typically normal in patients with concussion, although in the research setting, there may be abnormalities with advanced imaging techniques (e.g. diffusion tensor imaging) 2,5,7,14."
"Otherwise, management of concussion and postconcussion syndrome is symptomatic, for example, utilising simple analgesics and migraine preventers for patients with headache, or vestibular rehabilitation and vestibular suppressants for patients with dizziness 1,4,14."
"importantly, cognitive impairment is not an expected outcome in all patients, for example, one study found that non-professional (e.g. social or amateur) athletes with a history of sports-related concussion had no negative differences in cognitive outcomes compared to those without 11; however, in professional athletes sports-related concussion is more likely to be associated with adverse cognitive outcomes 12,14"