"Physiological vacuum phenomena can occur and are quite frequently seen in the intervertebral disc within the scope of ageing, or in any joint where distractive forces or a wide range of movement are involved including the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, sacroiliac, hip, knee, ankle, wrist or temporomandibular joints 3."
"Physiological vacuum phenomena can occur and are quite frequently seen in the intervertebral disc within the scope of ageing, or in any joint where distractive forces or a wide range of movement are involved including the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, sacroiliac, hip, knee, ankle, wrist or temporomandibular joints 3."
"Vacuum phenomena can also migrate into adjacent structures of a disc, joint or bone and can then be found for example within the epidural space, where they have been reported to lead to pneumatic nerve root compression 14 or in a sleeve of a nerve due to nerve root avulsion 15."
"There are no specific clinical symptoms unless they are associated with rare specific complications e.g. pneumatic nerve root compression."