"MRI is essential to define disease extent pre-operatively. The disease may be unifocal or multinodular with skip lesions or periosteal involvement."
Expected headings
"Plain radiograph / CT"
"FDG PET-CT"
"Adamantinomas account for"
"Symptoms of pain, swelling and tibial bowing deformity are slowly progressive. Pathological fracture presents acutely."
"The histogenesis remains the subject of debate. The histology is heterogeneous and epithelial, synovial, endothelial and osseofibrous components have been demonstrated. Transformation of osseofibrous dysplasia or angioblastic derivation have been proposed. Extensive sampling of the most radiolucent areas is recommended for diagnosis 12."
"Tumours are positive for cytokeratins 5, 14 and 19, and the stromal component is positive for vimentin."
"The tumour is typically well-circumscribed, expansile and multiloculated with a thin sclerotic rim and involves the anterior tibial diaphyseal cortex. It can spread into the medullary canal and soft-tissues. There may be multiple tumour nodules and concurrent involvement of the fibula."
"Local recurrence has been described up to 36 years post resection and metastases occur in 15-30% of patients affecting lymph nodes, lungs, bone, liver, other abdominal viscera, retroperitoneum and pericardium."
"Almost all cases occur in long bones and up to 85% occur in the mid tibial shaft. Some occur in the tibial metaphysis and up to 15% concurrently involve the fibula. Occasionally tumours arise in the fibula alone, the humerus, hand, foot, radius, femur, ribs, spine, facial bones or pretibial soft-tissues 12."
"benign bone lesions, e.g. chondromyxoid fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma"