"CT "
"T1: typically hypo to isointense on T1 with areas of decreased intensity that correspond to foci of calcification"
"T2: typically isointense to hypointense on T2 with foci of decreased intensity corresponding to the foci of calcification"
"T1 C+ (Gd): this is a highly vascular tumour and therefore typically avidly enhances, with associated enhancement of the surrounding soft tissues 9"
"Management is surgical with the selection of the surgical procedure depending on the location and aggressiveness 12. Intralesional curettage can be performed in most cases but should be extended to the normal bone and can be combined with cryotherapy, chemical cauterization with phenol as adjuncts and bone grafting 12. En bloc surgical excision is associated with fewer recurrence rates and can be done in locally aggressive and/or large tumours or in recurrent lesions 12. Pre-operative embolisation can be carried out to reduce bleeding risk. However, surgery needs to be performed at a very short time interval in order to avoid reconstitution of collateral blood supply ref. Percutaneous ablation is an emerging modality for the treatment of these lesions (as well as osteoid osteoma) 12. Recurrence rates may be as high as ~23% 1."
"Osteoblastoma accounts for the 'O' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC."
"Tc-99m MDP or HMDL: often shows intense uptake although this is non-specific and is typical in all lesions exhibiting increased bone turnover"
"If features are typical the lesion can be categorised as Bone-RADS 4 on CT or MRI 11."
"Epithelioid osteoblastoma is considered an acceptable alternative term 1. The terms pseudomalignant osteoblastoma or aggressive osteoblastoma are no longer recommended 1."
"Epithelioid osteoblastoma is considered an acceptable alternative term 1. The terms pseudomalignant osteoblastoma or aggressive osteoblastoma are no longer recommended 1."
"Epithelioid osteoblastoma is considered an acceptable alternative term 1. The terms pseudomalignant osteoblastoma or aggressive osteoblastoma are no longer recommended 1."
Expected headings
"Variants"
"CT "
"Complications"
"Osteoblastomas account for ≤1% of all primary bone tumours 1-4. Patients typically present around the second to third decades of life 1. There is a recognised male predilection with men approximately two times more commonly affected than women 1."
"spinal column: ~40% (range 32-46% 2); often involves the posterior elements"