"The term oedema was coined on MRI as the signal in abnormal bone marrow is similar to that seen with excess water; low T1, high T2. The term is, however, misleading as "oedema" implies that there is only excess fluid, whereas in reality, within areas of so-called bone marrow oedema, a wide variety of processes can exist, including infarction, haemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and hypervascularity 6."
"primary: bone marrow oedema syndrome (no cause found)"
"infective: e.g. osteomyelitis, diskitis, septic arthritis"
"neoplastic: malignancies e.g. bone metastases, and benign e.g. giant cell tumour, chondroblastoma, osteoid osteoma"
"The concept of bone marrow oedema as an entity detectable by magnetic resonance imaging is due to the pioneering work 7 of AJ Wilson et al. in 1988. The authors specifically interpreted these changes in MRI signal intensity as an increase in free water content in the bone marrow "interstitium"."
"The term oedema was coined on MRI as the signal in abnormal bone marrow is similar to that seen with excess water; low T1, high T2. The term is, however, misleading as "oedema" implies that there is only excess fluid, whereas in reality, within areas of so-called bone marrow oedema, a wide variety of processes can exist, including infarction, haemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and hypervascularity 6."
"The term oedema was coined on MRI as the signal in abnormal bone marrow is similar to that seen with excess water; low T1, high T2. The term is, however, misleading as "oedema" implies that there is only excess fluid, whereas in reality, within areas of so-called bone marrow oedema, a wide variety of processes can exist, including infarction, haemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and hypervascularity 6."
"There is a long (long) list of possible causes of this finding:"