Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"Post-diagnosis physical activity is associated with a significant reduction in mortality among breast cancer patients, most notably in women aged 55 and older. Empirical evidence underscores the critical role of an active lifestyle in improving long-term clinical outcomes ¹²."

Line 35:4 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'Post-diagnosis'.

Citation Preceding Space

error

"Breast masses may be incidentally identified on CT, but CT is not the preferred modality for dedicated breast evaluation and is primarily used to assess metastatic disease¹¹. If calcifications are visualised on CT, they are nearly all benign ⁹."

Line 77:175 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '11'

Emphasis

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"BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation"

Line 23:11 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: 'BRCA1'

"human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also known as proto-oncogene Neu or receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2"

Line 63:86 · Italics should be used only in exceptional circumstances: 'Neu or receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2'

Acronyms

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"oestrogen receptor (ER)"

Line 61:28 · 'ER' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Staging of breast tumours is performed according to the TNM system published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) / Union for International Cancer Control (UICC): breast cancer (staging)."

Line 67:60 · 'TNM' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Staging of breast tumours is performed according to the TNM system published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) / Union for International Cancer Control (UICC): breast cancer (staging)."

Line 67:124 · 'AJCC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Staging of breast tumours is performed according to the TNM system published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) / Union for International Cancer Control (UICC): breast cancer (staging)."

Line 67:172 · 'UICC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The use of a standard lexicon is recommended to enhance communication with referrers and audit performance: breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS)."

Line 79:157 · 'BI-RADS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Latin

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"Beyond these routine markers, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have significantly refined our understanding of the disease's aetiology. Research has demonstrated that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is characterised by marked subtype-specific heterogeneity. Rather than conferring a uniform risk, most common susceptibility loci differentially modulate the onset of specific molecular phenotypes (e.g., luminal vs. triple-negative). This suggests that an individual's unique genomic profile does more than just quantify overall oncological risk; it directly shapes the biological identity and dictates the clinical trajectory of the neoplasm ¹³."

Line 65:436 · Use appropriate Latin forms: 'vs' rather than 'vs.'.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Protective factors"

Line 34:1 · "Protective factors" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Staging"

Line 66:1 · "Staging" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Radiographic appearance"

Line 68:1 · "Radiographic appearance" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Mammography"

Line 70:1 · "Mammography" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Radiographic appearance").

"Ultrasound"

Line 72:1 · "Ultrasound" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Radiographic appearance").

"MRI"

Line 74:1 · "MRI" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Radiographic appearance").

"CT"

Line 76:1 · "CT" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Radiographic appearance").

Semicolons

suggestion

"Beyond these routine markers, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have significantly refined our understanding of the disease's aetiology. Research has demonstrated that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is characterised by marked subtype-specific heterogeneity. Rather than conferring a uniform risk, most common susceptibility loci differentially modulate the onset of specific molecular phenotypes (e.g., luminal vs. triple-negative). This suggests that an individual's unique genomic profile does more than just quantify overall oncological risk; it directly shapes the biological identity and dictates the clinical trajectory of the neoplasm ¹³."

Line 65:569 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: breast-neoplasms