"post-radiation angiopathy"
"Periventricular white matter lesions "
"T1: hypointense or isointense, less conspicuous than on T2/FLAIR"
"T2/FLAIR: hyperintense"
"T1 C+ (Gd): non-enhancing"
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"Many aetiopathogenic types of small vessel disease are described (see below). The most common is arteriolosclerosis, or age and vascular risk factor related small vessel disease, which based on a progressive clinical syndrome of cognitive impairment and compatible imaging features is diagnosed as Binswanger disease 14, although this term has fallen in popularity. Many variant terms for this entity presume an age-related aetiology, such as age-related white matter hyperintensities/changes/disease/damage 16, although noting that not all age-related white matter changes are attributed to small vessel disease 14."
"The nature of infarcts and white matter changes are primarily ischaemic, so other terms used include small vessel chronic ischaemia, microvascular ischaemia, ischaemic microangiopathy, and variants of the above terms such as ischaemic white matter disease. However, haemorrhagic manifestations of small vessel disease (cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral haemorrhage, and cortical superficial siderosis) are also important to consider for differential diagnosis and therapeutic reasons 15,16."
"The nature of infarcts and white matter changes are primarily ischaemic, so other terms used include small vessel chronic ischaemia, microvascular ischaemia, ischaemic microangiopathy, and variants of the above terms such as ischaemic white matter disease. However, haemorrhagic manifestations of small vessel disease (cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral haemorrhage, and cortical superficial siderosis) are also important to consider for differential diagnosis and therapeutic reasons 15,16."
"The nature of infarcts and white matter changes are primarily ischaemic, so other terms used include small vessel chronic ischaemia, microvascular ischaemia, ischaemic microangiopathy, and variants of the above terms such as ischaemic white matter disease. However, haemorrhagic manifestations of small vessel disease (cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral haemorrhage, and cortical superficial siderosis) are also important to consider for differential diagnosis and therapeutic reasons 15,16."
"The nature of infarcts and white matter changes are primarily ischaemic, so other terms used include small vessel chronic ischaemia, microvascular ischaemia, ischaemic microangiopathy, and variants of the above terms such as ischaemic white matter disease. However, haemorrhagic manifestations of small vessel disease (cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral haemorrhage, and cortical superficial siderosis) are also important to consider for differential diagnosis and therapeutic reasons 15,16."
"The term leukoaraiosis is a radiological descriptor applied to white matter hypodensities on CT and high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI of presumed vascular origin 14,16. These lesions are properly termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, as defined by Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2), however, are also commonly referred to as white matter lesions or white matter changes 16,20. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL) 16,20. Less commonly, the lesions are called unidentified bright objects on MRI, but this term has also confusingly been used to refer to the focal areas of signal intensity in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1, which is an unrelated process."
"PADMAL"
"MRI is the preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of cerebral small vessel disease 20. The Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2) suggests the following MRI sequences be performed: T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, GRE or SWI, and MRA 20."
"White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin are rare in healthy children and uncommon in healthy young adults, with prevalence reported between 5-40%. Prevalence increases markedly with age, with the majority of individuals over 60 years demonstrating some degree of white matter hyperintensity. 11,21."
"COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease"
"heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease"
"NIT1-small vessel disease"
Expected headings
"Periventricular white matter lesions "
"Deep and subcortical white matter lesions"
"White matter changes"
"CT"
"MRI"
"Other changes"
"Cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral microangiopathy, is an umbrella term for lesions in the brain attributed to pathology of small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, or small veins. It is the most common cause of vascular dementia/cognitive impairment and is a major cause of ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes."
"There is an association between chronic small vessel disease and dementia, stroke (both ischaemic and haemorrhagic) and overall mortality 18."
"There are several aetiopathogenic types of cerebral small vessel diseases 15,19,20,22:"
"MRI is the preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of cerebral small vessel disease 20. The Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 2 (STRIVE-2) suggests the following MRI sequences be performed: T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, GRE or SWI, and MRA 20."