Radiopaedia Helpers

copd

Quotes

error

"Symptoms of COPD include dyspnoea on exertion, wheezing, productive cough, pursed-lip breathing, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. Historically, patients with chronic bronchitis were termed "blue bloaters," while those with emphysema known as "pink puffers". In advanced cases, muscle wasting, asterixis, and peripheral oedema may be seen."

Line 14:202 · Commas and periods go outside quotation marks (in nearly all circumstances).

Strong List Colon Position

error

"stage I: mild, FEV1 > 80% of normal"

Line 54:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'stage I: mild'

"stage II: moderate, FEV1 = 50-79% of normal"

Line 55:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'stage II: moderate'

"stage III: severe, FEV1 = 30-49% of normal"

Line 56:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'stage III: severe'

"stage IV: very severe, FEV1"

Line 57:8 · When enboldening an intro, the colon should not be bold. 'stage IV: very'

Number Comparisons

error

"stage I: mild, FEV1 > 80% of normal"

Line 54:56 · There should never be a space after less and greater than signs.

Acronyms

warning

"low QRS voltage"

Line 29:8 · 'QRS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"amplitude of QRS complexes"

Line 30:25 · 'QRS' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"panacinar: homozygous AAT1 deficiency and uniformly destroys alveoli"

Line 47:30 · 'AAT' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Pulmonary function testing (PFT) reveals airflow obstruction, as evidenced by a decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio. Administration of bronchodilators has no effect, unlike the reversible obstruction seen in asthma."

Line 50:157 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Line 50:173 · 'FVC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) staging system is a commonly used severity staging system based on airflow limitation. According to this, there are four key stages with the latest revision at time of writing being in 2019 ¹⁷:"

Line 52:67 · 'GOLD' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"stage I: mild, FEV1 > 80% of normal"

Line 54:40 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"stage II: moderate, FEV1 = 50-79% of normal"

Line 55:45 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"stage III: severe, FEV1 = 30-49% of normal"

Line 56:44 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"stage IV: very severe, FEV1"

Line 57:48 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The FEV1:FVC ratio should be"

Line 59:8 · 'FEV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The FEV1:FVC ratio should be"

Line 59:24 · 'FVC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The GOLD staging system may be insensitive in early stages ¹²."

Line 60:11 · 'GOLD' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Strong

warning

"Findings of chronic bronchitis on chest radiography are non-specific and include increased bronchovascular markings and cardiomegaly. Emphysema manifests as lung hyperinflation with flattened hemidiaphragms, a small heart, and possible bullous changes. On the lateral radiograph, a "barrel chest" with widened anterior-posterior diameter may be visualised. The "sabre-sheath trachea" sign refers to marked coronal narrowing of the intrathoracic trachea (frontal view) with concomitant sagittal widening (lateral view)."

Line 77:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: 'Findings of chronic bronchitis on chest radiography are non-specific and include increased bronchovascular markings and'

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"ECG"

Line 15:1 · "ECG" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Severity classification"

Line 51:1 · "Severity classification" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Clinical phenotypes"

Line 62:1 · "Clinical phenotypes" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Chronic bronchitis"

Line 80:1 · "Chronic bronchitis" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Emphysema"

Line 82:1 · "Emphysema" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Complications"

Line 84:1 · "Complications" should be H2, not H1.

"Lifestyle measures"

Line 103:1 · "Lifestyle measures" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Pharmacology"

Line 105:1 · "Pharmacology" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Surgery"

Line 108:1 · "Surgery" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

There Is

suggestion

"There are however a number of other less common risk factors/aetiologies, each with their own demographics. They include:"

Line 4:4 · Don't start a sentence with 'There are'.

Inline EG

suggestion

"industrial exposure (e.g. mining)"

Line 6:28 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Commas

suggestion

"Pharmacological management is generally first-line. It involves the use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and other medications (e.g. methylxanthines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitors, omalizumab), as well as supplemental oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation. Long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) combination therapies are considered the most effective strategy ¹⁶."

Line 106:94 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.

Links

chronic-bronchitis