"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is seen in the setting of repeated, relatively low energy impacts, such as those experienced in many contact sports (e.g. boxing, American football). A reactive astrogliosis can be identified, with associated changes in AQP4 expression 1. These changes are typically an increase in AQP4 expression during the first few weeks following injury with longer lasting loss of polarity, thought to result in impaired bulk transport of fluid from the interstitial space to the paravenous CSF pathway 1. This in turn is believed to result in impaired clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta 1."
Expected headings
"Periarterial CSF influx route"
"Transparenchymal pathway"
"Paravenous interstitial fluid clearance route"
"Alzheimer disease"
"Traumatic brain injury and ischaemia"
"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension"