"FHM2: ATP1A2 (chromosome 1)"
"FHM3: SCN1A (chromosome 2)"
"Hemiplegic migraines can also occur sporadically (in the absence of family history) but are only uncommonly the result of mutations in the aforementioned known FHM genes. The underlying cause in sporadic cases remains incompletely understood 10."
"HaNDL"
"Patients usually present first with aura, which in the setting of hemiplegic migraine includes unilateral motor weakness, followed by headache. However, sometimes the headache may be concurrent with aura or even precede the aura 1-3,10. Numerous other signs and symptoms have been reported, including confusion, neuropsychiatric features, visual hallucinations, visual field defects, photophobia, and aphasia 1,2. In severe cases, patients may have decreased levels of consciousness and even coma 2."
"Often, however, before the diagnosis is evident, patients may receive antibiotics, antivirals, antiseizure medications, corticosteroids, intravenous thrombolysis or intravenous immunoglobulin to cover potential differential diagnoses (see below) 1."
"T2: gyral swelling and hyperintensity; most common in FHM1"
"in these cases, ADC values have been variably reported as increased, decreased or normal"
"As with non-hemiplegic migraine, preventative therapies are also important to reduce the frequency of attacks. These include a wide variety of agents, including verapamil, flunarizine and acetazolamide, as well as advanced therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) 9,10."