"post-cardiothoracic surgery"
"Imaging guidance improves safety; ultrasound identifies vessels and pockets of fluid, while both CT and US can identify alternative safe insertion points. A large pneumothorax can be resolved by placing a small-bore pigtail catheter in the mid-clavicular line, 2nd intercostal space and directing it towards the apex. This does not require blunt dissection and is less painful 4."
Expected headings
"Indication"
"Complications"
"blunt dissection using index finger or blunt forceps and breech parietal pleura: will be accompanied by a release of blood, fluid or air"
"Imaging guidance improves safety; ultrasound identifies vessels and pockets of fluid, while both CT and US can identify alternative safe insertion points. A large pneumothorax can be resolved by placing a small-bore pigtail catheter in the mid-clavicular line, 2nd intercostal space and directing it towards the apex. This does not require blunt dissection and is less painful 4."