"Low osmolality contrast media are less than three times the osmolality of human serum and preferred for intravascular and intrathecal administration. Modern low osmolality contrast media are generally, but not always, nonionic monomers composed of tri-iodinated benzene rings with various side chains that contain polar alcohol (-OH) groups that make them water-soluble 3. Low osmolality contrast media in use include the following:"
Expected headings
"Physical properties"
"Chemical properties"
"Water-soluble"
"High osmolality contrast media"
"Low osmolality contrast media"
"Water-insoluble"
"Administration route"
"Intravenous"
"Intraosseous"
"Adverse reactions"
"Iodinated contrast media (singular: medium) are contrast agents that contain iodine atoms used for x-ray-based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). They can also be used in fluoroscopy, angiography and venography, and even occasionally, plain radiography. Although the intravenous route of administration is most common, they are also administered by many other routes, including gastrointestinal (oral, rectal), cystourethral, vaginal, intraosseous, etc."
"Iodinated contrast media (singular: medium) are contrast agents that contain iodine atoms used for x-ray-based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). They can also be used in fluoroscopy, angiography and venography, and even occasionally, plain radiography. Although the intravenous route of administration is most common, they are also administered by many other routes, including gastrointestinal (oral, rectal), cystourethral, vaginal, intraosseous, etc."
"Water-insoluble iodinated contrast media have limited uses. The only currently approved agent is:"
"There are no absolute contraindications to iodinated contrast media. Emergency examinations and live saving interventions requiring iodinated contrast media should not be withheld or delayed due to relative contraindications 6,16,17. Relative contraindications to iodinated contrast media include:"
"risk factors of acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media, including previous reactions to iodinated contrast media; allergic reactions to shellfish or topical iodine do not increase the risk any more than any other allergy or asthma, which do so only slightly 10-12"