"Stress echocardiography might identify myocardial ischaemia and suggest viable myocardium. This can be achieved with a dobutamine infusion using a two-step evaluation with a standard low-dose viability protocol of 5–10 µg/kg/min and a high-dose ischaemia detection protocol of 20–40 µg/kg/min (plus atropine if the target heart rate is not achieved) 8."
"Stress echocardiography might identify myocardial ischaemia and suggest viable myocardium. This can be achieved with a dobutamine infusion using a two-step evaluation with a standard low-dose viability protocol of 5–10 µg/kg/min and a high-dose ischaemia detection protocol of 20–40 µg/kg/min (plus atropine if the target heart rate is not achieved) 8."
"cine imaging: regional wall motion abnormalities in the affected vascular territory"
"perfusion imaging: decreased or delayed uptake during the first-pass perfusion"
"IRGE/PSIR: subendocardial or transmural late gadolinium enhancement"
"Cardiac CT might show coronary luminal stenosis ≥75% or demonstrate haemodynamic relevance by CT-based fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in one or more coronary arteries. It might also provide information about the aetiology (e.g. coronary artery disease, coronary dissection or coronary anomalies). Furthermore, it might show perfusion defects or wall thinning in one or more coronary territories."
"IRGE/PSIR: subendocardial or transmural late gadolinium enhancement"
Expected headings
"Echocardiography"
"Cardiac CT"
"Coronary angiography"
"These comprise non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including genetic predisposition, gender and age, as well as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and various coronary anomalies."
"These comprise non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including genetic predisposition, gender and age, as well as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and various coronary anomalies."
"Patients typically present with heart failure symptoms, including angina, dyspnoea, fatigue, syncope or nocturia and oedema."
"A cascade of metabolic, inflammatory and structural changes leads to adverse left ventricular remodelling and contractile dysfunction, including 1:"
"coronary microvascular dysfunction as a result of an impaired vasomotor function, microvascular injury, obstruction and haemorrhage of the coronary microcirculation after myocardial injury and reperfusion"
"Cardiac function can be assessed non-invasively with several imaging modalities, in particular echocardiography and cardiac MRI. In addition, several imaging methods can assess the presence and extent of myocardial scarring and viable, stunned or hibernating myocardium 1,5,7."
"Thallium-201 and technetium-99m MIBI SPECT, technetium-99m tetrofosmin SPECT, PET-CT or PET-MRI might show decreased stress perfusion and possibly resting perfusion, viable or non-viable myocardium as well as decreased cardiac systolic function 1,5."