"identify and categorise observation(s)"
"no observation or definitely benign observation."
"Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardised system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for developing HCC. As a surveillance tool, it is not intended to diagnose HCC, which requires dynamic assessment with contrast-enhanced studies. See: LI-RADS (overview)."
"The current version is LI-RADS US Surveillance v2024 Core."
"Populations at risk for HCC that LI-RADS US Surveillance is recommended for include"
"If alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated or increasing over time, diagnostic workup with multiphase contrast-enhanced CT or MRI may be warranted, regardless of US findings."
"LI-RADS US surveillance category"
"US-1 negative"
"US-2 sub threshold"
"US-3 positive"
"If there is uncertainty of an observation category, upgrade category reflecting greater suspicion (example: if unsure between US-2 or US-3, pick US-3)."
"If there is uncertainty of an observation category, upgrade category reflecting greater suspicion (example: if unsure between US-2 or US-3, pick US-3)."
"If there is uncertainty of an observation category, upgrade category reflecting greater suspicion (example: if unsure between US-2 or US-3, pick US-3)."
"LI-RADS US surveillance visualisation score"
"US-1 (negative): repeat US in 6 months"
"US-1 (negative): repeat US in 6 months"
"US-2 (sub threshold): repeat US in 3-6 months up to 2 times"
"US-2 (sub threshold): repeat US in 3-6 months up to 2 times"
"if observation remains"
"US-3 (positive): evaluate with multi-phase CT, MRI or CEUS"
"AFP positive without US-3 observation: evaluate with multi-phase CT or MRI"
"in the absence of a US-3 observation, CEUS is unlikely to be of use"
"repeat US within 3 months 1 time. If still VIS-C, then consider other surveillance method (e.g. CT or MRI)"
"RADS (Reporting and Data Systems)"
"LI-RADS US surveillance category"
"example of parenchymal distortions include: ill-defined heterogenous area, refractive edge shadows, loss of normal hepatic architecture (e.g. capsular retraction)"
Expected headings
"Patient selection"
"Algorithm"
"Classification"
"LI-RADS US surveillance category"
"Categories"
"Tiebreaking rules"
"LI-RADS US surveillance visualisation score"
"Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardised system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for developing HCC. As a surveillance tool, it is not intended to diagnose HCC, which requires dynamic assessment with contrast-enhanced studies. See: LI-RADS (overview)."
"US-3 (positive): evaluate with multi-phase CT, MRI or CEUS"
"example of parenchymal distortions include: ill-defined heterogenous area, refractive edge shadows, loss of normal hepatic architecture (e.g. capsular retraction)"
"repeat US within 3 months 1 time. If still VIS-C, then consider other surveillance method (e.g. CT or MRI)"