"Genetic changes including hyperdiploidy, IgH translocations, and cyclin D gene dysregulation seem to be important in the transition from a normal plasma cell to a pre-malignant plasma cell such as that found in MGUS or smouldering myeloma 2. Clonal expansion of a single pre-malignant plasma occurs which produces excess paraprotein of one of the immunoglobulin types (e.g. IgG, IgM). However, further changes are needed to transition into a myeloma cell 2."
"Genetic changes including hyperdiploidy, IgH translocations, and cyclin D gene dysregulation seem to be important in the transition from a normal plasma cell to a pre-malignant plasma cell such as that found in MGUS or smouldering myeloma 2. Clonal expansion of a single pre-malignant plasma occurs which produces excess paraprotein of one of the immunoglobulin types (e.g. IgG, IgM). However, further changes are needed to transition into a myeloma cell 2."
"T1: hyperintense"
"T2: hypointense"
"T1: hyperintense"
"T2: hypointense"
"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia progression"
Expected headings
"Diagnostic criteria"
"Plain radiograph and CT"
"Complications"
"absence of end-organ damage (e.g. hypercalcaemia, renal insufficiency, lytic lesions, anaemia)"