"Stem-cell harvest and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant post-chemotherapeutic/radiotherapy bone marrow ablation are also used, although relapse is inevitable."
"Multiple myeloma accounts for one of the Ms in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions, FEGNOMASHIC."
"amyloidosis (AL type)"
"The initial presentation occasionally is a polyneuropathy when it is part of POEMS syndrome (mostly the sclerotic form)."
"Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy in patients above 40; 70% of cases are diagnosed between ages 50 and 70, with a median age of diagnosis being 70 years; there is a male predilection (M: F 2:1) 7,12,14. It accounts for 1% of all malignancies and 10-15% of all haematological neoplasms 12,14. Black populations are affected at nearly twice the rate as White populations 14. Multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma combined account for ~50% of all primary bone malignancies 7."
"Presentation may also be with a complication, including:"
"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: IgM paraprotein"
Expected headings
"Staging"
"Distribution"
"Signal characteristics"
"Bone scintigraphy"
"FDG PET-CT"
"Response assessment"
"Complications"
"Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy in patients above 40; 70% of cases are diagnosed between ages 50 and 70, with a median age of diagnosis being 70 years; there is a male predilection (M: F 2:1) 7,12,14. It accounts for 1% of all malignancies and 10-15% of all haematological neoplasms 12,14. Black populations are affected at nearly twice the rate as White populations 14. Multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma combined account for ~50% of all primary bone malignancies 7."
"Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy in patients above 40; 70% of cases are diagnosed between ages 50 and 70, with a median age of diagnosis being 70 years; there is a male predilection (M: F 2:1) 7,12,14. It accounts for 1% of all malignancies and 10-15% of all haematological neoplasms 12,14. Black populations are affected at nearly twice the rate as White populations 14. Multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma combined account for ~50% of all primary bone malignancies 7."
"long bone fracture (e.g. proximal femur)"
"assess possible mechanical complications (e.g. pathological fracture)"
"obstructive casts form in the renal tubules, composed of Bence Jones proteins, immunoglobulins, albumin and Tamm-Horsfall proteins"
"Multiple myeloma remains incurable with an estimated median survival of 5.5 years (range 10 years) 14, varying significantly with treatment era and patient fitness. With modern treatment regimens, it exceeds 7-10 years in some cohorts. Management with agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor), and daratumumab (CD38 monoclonal antibody) has provided significant survival gains 6. Also, newer agents, including second-generation proteasome inhibitors, additional monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies (CAR-T, bispecifics), are increasingly used. These are typically used in combination with older agents such as cyclophosphamide, melphalan, or dexamethasone 6."
"Multiple myeloma remains incurable with an estimated median survival of 5.5 years (range 10 years) 14, varying significantly with treatment era and patient fitness. With modern treatment regimens, it exceeds 7-10 years in some cohorts. Management with agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor), and daratumumab (CD38 monoclonal antibody) has provided significant survival gains 6. Also, newer agents, including second-generation proteasome inhibitors, additional monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies (CAR-T, bispecifics), are increasingly used. These are typically used in combination with older agents such as cyclophosphamide, melphalan, or dexamethasone 6."