"size: the kidney should be measured using midsagittal length, as well as width and depth at the level of the hilum, which allows estimation of kidney volume by the prolate ellipsoid formula"
"parenchyma: the renal parenchyma should be assessed by the cortical echogenicity (compared to the liver) and corticomedullary differentiation (normal, absent, or reversed), as very small cysts can solely manifest as increased echogenicity"
"cysts: the presence of macroscopic cysts should be described by their number (1, 2-5, 6-10, or >10), side (unilateral or bilateral), location (cortical, medullary, corticomedullary border, ubiquitous), and size (maximal diameter of the largest cyst); abnormal features suggestive of bleeding, infection, or malignancy should be documented, such as calcification, wall thickening, septations, echogenic debris, or hypervascularity of the septations or wall"
"urinary tract: urinary tract dilation should be identified, as it may be confused for cysts; additionally, obstruction may be the cause of cystic renal dysplasia"
"nephronophthisis-medullary cystic disease complex (NPH-MCKD)"
"renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD) (HNF1B-associated disease, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5)"
"cysts: the presence of macroscopic cysts should be described by their number (1, 2-5, 6-10, or >10), side (unilateral or bilateral), location (cortical, medullary, corticomedullary border, ubiquitous), and size (maximal diameter of the largest cyst); abnormal features suggestive of bleeding, infection, or malignancy should be documented, such as calcification, wall thickening, septations, echogenic debris, or hypervascularity of the septations or wall"
"cysts: the presence of macroscopic cysts should be described by their number (1, 2-5, 6-10, or >10), side (unilateral or bilateral), location (cortical, medullary, corticomedullary border, ubiquitous), and size (maximal diameter of the largest cyst); abnormal features suggestive of bleeding, infection, or malignancy should be documented, such as calcification, wall thickening, septations, echogenic debris, or hypervascularity of the septations or wall"
"cysts: the presence of macroscopic cysts should be described by their number (1, 2-5, 6-10, or >10), side (unilateral or bilateral), location (cortical, medullary, corticomedullary border, ubiquitous), and size (maximal diameter of the largest cyst); abnormal features suggestive of bleeding, infection, or malignancy should be documented, such as calcification, wall thickening, septations, echogenic debris, or hypervascularity of the septations or wall"
"urinary tract: urinary tract dilation should be identified, as it may be confused for cysts; additionally, obstruction may be the cause of cystic renal dysplasia"