"Pathology "
"Staging "
"Fluoroscopy "
"T1/T1FS: hypointense to normal pancreas 5"
"T1 C+ (Gd): slower enhancement than the normal pancreas, therefore dynamic injection with fat saturation with arterial phase imaging is ideal"
"T2/FLAIR: variable (therefore not very useful), depending on the amount of reactive desmoplastic reaction 1,5"
"MRCP: double duct sign may be seen"
"pancreatic duct : parenchyma ratio is usually < 0.5"
"pancreatic duct : parenchyma ratio is usually < 0.5"
"HNPCC"
"KRAS: the most commonly mutated oncogene (>90%)"
"an enlarged pancreatic duct calibre to AP gland width ratio of ~0.5 may be present, reflecting ductal dilatation and parenchymal atrophy"
"Courvoisier gallbladder: painless jaundice and enlarged gallbladder"
Expected headings
"Pathology "
"Location"
"Subtypes"
"Markers"
"Genetics"
"Staging "
"Fluoroscopy "
"Barium meal / small bowel follow-through"
"Signal characteristics"
"There is only a weak association, if at all, with heavy alcohol consumption alone, though chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor 1."
"calcifications are rare and, when present, are more likely secondary to pre-existing conditions (e.g., chronic pancreatitis)"
"no secondary signs (e.g. pancreatic duct or common bile duct dilatation)"
"surgical resection is potentially curative in stage I and II disease (see staging of pancreatic cancer); however, it is associated with significant morbidity (20-30%) and mortality (5%) 3"