"The anterior lobe of the pituitary is surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule, similar to that of salivary glands, continuous with thin septae which extend into the gland 11."
"Most of the aforementioned hormones' release is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal circulation 13.. The exception is prolactin which, except during pregnancy when it too is stimulated by a releasing hormone, is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH) which is actually dopamine. Thus, dopamine antagonists (e.g. many antipsychotics) result in elevated prolactin levels. Conversely, prolactin secreting adenomas (prolactinomas) can be treated medically with dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine and cabergoline). For a more in-depth discussion refer to elevated prolactin (differential) article."
"The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica (pituitary fossa), immediately below the hypothalamus and optic chiasm. In young individuals, on average, the pituitary gland measures 12 mm wide, 8 mm in AP diameter, and 9 mm high; however, its size varies significantly with age, gender, and hormonal status (e.g., pregnancy); see below 10, 13, 16."
"Rathke cleft cyst"
Expected headings
"Anterior pituitary"
"Pars distalis"
"Pars tuberalis"
"Pars intermedia"
"Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)"
"Relations"
"Hormone secretion and control"
"Anterior pituitary"
"Posterior pituitary"
"Size and age-related changes"
"Arterial circulation"
"Branches"
"Portal circulation"
"Embryology"
"The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica (pituitary fossa), immediately below the hypothalamus and optic chiasm. In young individuals, on average, the pituitary gland measures 12 mm wide, 8 mm in AP diameter, and 9 mm high; however, its size varies significantly with age, gender, and hormonal status (e.g., pregnancy); see below 10, 13, 16."
"The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica (pituitary fossa), immediately below the hypothalamus and optic chiasm. In young individuals, on average, the pituitary gland measures 12 mm wide, 8 mm in AP diameter, and 9 mm high; however, its size varies significantly with age, gender, and hormonal status (e.g., pregnancy); see below 10, 13, 16."
"The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica (pituitary fossa), immediately below the hypothalamus and optic chiasm. In young individuals, on average, the pituitary gland measures 12 mm wide, 8 mm in AP diameter, and 9 mm high; however, its size varies significantly with age, gender, and hormonal status (e.g., pregnancy); see below 10, 13, 16."
"puberty: 10 mm (upper surface convex; more striking in females)"
"The anterior pituitary receives blood which descends from the hypothalamus along the infundibulum as a portal system (venous channels connecting two capillary beds); this accounts for the typical pattern of contrast enhancement seen on dynamic MRI imaging."
"Most of the aforementioned hormones' release is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal circulation 13.. The exception is prolactin which, except during pregnancy when it too is stimulated by a releasing hormone, is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH) which is actually dopamine. Thus, dopamine antagonists (e.g. many antipsychotics) result in elevated prolactin levels. Conversely, prolactin secreting adenomas (prolactinomas) can be treated medically with dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine and cabergoline). For a more in-depth discussion refer to elevated prolactin (differential) article."
"hyperplasia: physiologic prolactin cell hyperplasia due to lactation or pregnancy and in response to end organ failure such as Addison disease, Klinefelter or Turner syndrome, or primary hypothyroidism"