"The primary characteristic is a marked increase in the wall thickness of the affected colon segment, commonly the rectosigmoid region, with variable proximal extension. The mucosa often appears discontinuous and redundant, indicating ulceration and pseudo-membranous debris. Luminal collapse may occur. Doppler interrogation reveals preserved vascularity of the bowel wall. Haustral folds are present and may appear unusually thick and prominent. Free fluid between bowel loops typically exhibits a complex, heterogeneous echogenicity 9."
"Clostridioides difficile colitis, also known as pseudomembranous colitis and previously known as Clostridium difficile colitis 10, is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and increasingly encountered in sick hospitalised patients. If undiagnosed and untreated, it continues to have high mortality. It may be classified as a form of infectious colitis."
"C. difficile infection is usually preceded by antibiotic use or chemotherapy and is therefore usually encountered in unwell, hospitalised patients with significant comorbidity."
"Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile 10) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that does not normally inhabit the bowel but can colonise it following disruption of normal colonic flora, commonly due to antibiotic use or chemotherapy within six weeks of onset 1. C. difficile produces two toxins, A and B, both of which exert cytotoxic and enterotoxic effects on the bowel, with clinical manifestations primarily attributed to toxin B 4."
"Treatment involves supportive therapy (fluid and electrolyte replacement) and eradication of C. difficile with antibiotics (usually vancomycin or metronidazole) 5."
"less prominent wall thickening than in C. difficile colitis 11"
"GvHD usually shows a discontinuous pattern of bowel involvement and frequently affects the small bowel 11"
Expected headings
"Fluoroscopy"
"Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile 10) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that does not normally inhabit the bowel but can colonise it following disruption of normal colonic flora, commonly due to antibiotic use or chemotherapy within six weeks of onset 1. C. difficile produces two toxins, A and B, both of which exert cytotoxic and enterotoxic effects on the bowel, with clinical manifestations primarily attributed to toxin B 4."