"pregnancy: 1% maternal mortality rate (including rupture, paradoxical embolus, stroke, heart failure, haemothorax and hypoxaemia - also affecting the foetus) 20,28,29; the majority of morbidity and mortality occurs during the second and third trimesters and intrapartum period"
"stroke, TIA"
"hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) frequently has PAVMs 1; it is reported that at least 33% of those with a single PAVM and at least 50% of those with multiple PAVMs have HHT 6"
"The characteristic presentation of a PAVM on non-contrast CT is a homogeneous, well-circumscribed, lobulated nodule or serpiginous lesion of variable size, up to several centimetres in diameter, and connected with dilated pulmonary blood vessels 3. Calcified phleboliths are rare. Non-contrast CT is adequate for diagnosis and avoids the potential complication of systemic air embolism. CTPA defines the architecture of the lesion and assists in treatment planning. In-line filters help to avoid paradoxical embolism during contrast medium injection 20."
"lung transplantation for extensive diffuse PAVM"
"recanalisation of the embolised PAVM, most common"
"paradoxical cerebral embolism; SCUBA-diving should be avoided, and filters should be used for venous access to remove air bubbles 5"
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Complications"
"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between pulmonary arteries and veins that bypass the capillary bed and allow particulate material and vasoactive substances to enter the systemic circulation, causing infarcts, abscesses or migraines. Large shunts cause hypoxaemia and cardiorespiratory compromise. Lesions can rupture, causing haemoptysis or haemothorax 20."
"CNS AVMs, brain and spine"
"Approximately 25% enlarge 0.3-2.0 mm each year. Growth is influenced by pressure, flow and progesterone. Increases in circulating volume, cardiac output, venous distensibility and progesterone levels may explain the accelerated growth and risk of rupture that occurs in later pregnancy 25."
"diffuse: involves an entire segment, lobe or lung,"
"surgery for diffuse lesions: segmentectomy, lobectomy or pneumonectomy"
"via systemic to pulmonary flow (bronchial, internal thoracic, intercostal or subclavian arteries), although paradoxical emboli don’t occur; systemic pressure raises the risk of rupture"
"pregnancy: 1% maternal mortality rate (including rupture, paradoxical embolus, stroke, heart failure, haemothorax and hypoxaemia - also affecting the foetus) 20,28,29; the majority of morbidity and mortality occurs during the second and third trimesters and intrapartum period"
"hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) frequently has PAVMs 1; it is reported that at least 33% of those with a single PAVM and at least 50% of those with multiple PAVMs have HHT 6"
"Large PAVMs may be visible on CXR, and large feeding vessels help to make the diagnosis; most PAVMs are occult on CXR."
"All technically treatable PAVMs should be embolised; however, paradoxical embolism can be problematic even when the feeding artery is"
"All technically treatable PAVMs should be embolised; however, paradoxical embolism can be problematic even when the feeding artery is"
"Relative contraindications to embolisation include uncorrectable coagulopathy, severe pulmonary hypertension and left bundle branch block. Preemptive pacing can prevent bradycardia if complete heart block occurs during the procedure; manipulation of devices passing through the right heart can cause right bundle branch block 20."
"via systemic to pulmonary flow (bronchial, internal thoracic, intercostal or subclavian arteries), although paradoxical emboli don’t occur; systemic pressure raises the risk of rupture"
"pregnancy: 1% maternal mortality rate (including rupture, paradoxical embolus, stroke, heart failure, haemothorax and hypoxaemia - also affecting the foetus) 20,28,29; the majority of morbidity and mortality occurs during the second and third trimesters and intrapartum period"
"paradoxical cerebral embolism; SCUBA-diving should be avoided, and filters should be used for venous access to remove air bubbles 5"
"pregnancy: 1% maternal mortality rate (including rupture, paradoxical embolus, stroke, heart failure, haemothorax and hypoxaemia - also affecting the foetus) 20,28,29; the majority of morbidity and mortality occurs during the second and third trimesters and intrapartum period"
"History and etymology"
"other congenital or acquired pulmonary arterial or venous lesions (e.g. pulmonary varix)"