"post-surgery"
"in the UK, caution is now advised in using quinolones in high-risk patients 14"
Expected headings
"Associations"
"Complications"
"Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a type of thoraco-abdominal aneurysm. They are much less common than abdominal aortic aneurysms (0.16% vs 4%) 17. There is a wide range of causes, and the ascending aorta is the segment most commonly affected. Both CT-angiography and MR-angiography are the modalities of choice to image this condition."
"Most commonly occur in the 50 to 60-year-old age group with an estimated incidence of ~7.5 per 100,000 patient-years 8. There is a male predominance (M:F is 3:1)."
"Thoracic aneurysms are often incidental findings on chest imaging. They may present symptomatically if large enough to cause mass effect on the airway, oesophagus or pulmonary vasculature. Alternatively, they may present due to a complication, including rupture, dissection, aorto-bronchial or aorto-oesophageal fistulae."
"ascending aorta: cystic medial degeneration (with or without a connective tissue disorder) is the dominant pathological mechanism; hypertension is a contributing risk factor rather than a primary aetiology in isolation 20,22"
"Mild to moderate aneurysmal dilatation can usually be treated conservatively and monitored. When the diameter reaches ≥5 cm, intervention is usually considered as the risk of rupture is significantly elevated, although exact thresholds vary depending on the guidelines, segment of aorta involved, risk of treatment, and rate of growth (≥10 mm/year or ≥5 mm/6 months) 1,18,19."
"open repair (e.g. elephant graft repair)"