"properly measured in the proximal duct, either immediately below or immediately above (but not at) the crossing of the proper hepatic artery 1, which typically runs between and approximately perpendicular to the duct and the main portal vein. This portion of the duct is usually the common hepatic duct 1,5, although it may be the common bile duct because the level of cystic duct insertion is variable."
"the old dictum that normal is under 6 mm (+1 mm per decade) above 60 years of age is no longer believed to be true 1,2,3,5. Only about 1 mm total (or less) can be ascribed to advanced age 1,5,6. Therefore, a diameter above 7.0 mm when the gallbladder is still present is abnormal 1,5,6."
"the old dictum of >10 mm post-cholecystectomy is likewise no longer believed to be true 2. A diameter above 8.0 mm post-cholecystectomy is abnormal 1,2,3."
"it is common practice to refer to the duct as the common duct (CD) or the common bile duct (CBD) when reporting ultrasound (it should be noted that anatomically there is another structure called the common duct, formed by the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts). While the duct being measured, the proximal duct near hepatic artery crossing, is often referred to as the "CBD," it actually usually is the common hepatic duct, as noted above."
"the old dictum that normal is under 6 mm (+1 mm per decade) above 60 years of age is no longer believed to be true 1,2,3,5. Only about 1 mm total (or less) can be ascribed to advanced age 1,5,6. Therefore, a diameter above 7.0 mm when the gallbladder is still present is abnormal 1,5,6."
"the old dictum of >10 mm post-cholecystectomy is likewise no longer believed to be true 2. A diameter above 8.0 mm post-cholecystectomy is abnormal 1,2,3."
"the old dictum of >10 mm post-cholecystectomy is likewise no longer believed to be true 2. A diameter above 8.0 mm post-cholecystectomy is abnormal 1,2,3."
"the old dictum of >10 mm post-cholecystectomy is likewise no longer believed to be true 2. A diameter above 8.0 mm post-cholecystectomy is abnormal 1,2,3."
"it is common practice to refer to the duct as the common duct (CD) or the common bile duct (CBD) when reporting ultrasound (it should be noted that anatomically there is another structure called the common duct, formed by the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts). While the duct being measured, the proximal duct near hepatic artery crossing, is often referred to as the "CBD," it actually usually is the common hepatic duct, as noted above."
"it is common practice to refer to the duct as the common duct (CD) or the common bile duct (CBD) when reporting ultrasound (it should be noted that anatomically there is another structure called the common duct, formed by the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts). While the duct being measured, the proximal duct near hepatic artery crossing, is often referred to as the "CBD," it actually usually is the common hepatic duct, as noted above."
"it is common practice to refer to the duct as the common duct (CD) or the common bile duct (CBD) when reporting ultrasound (it should be noted that anatomically there is another structure called the common duct, formed by the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts). While the duct being measured, the proximal duct near hepatic artery crossing, is often referred to as the "CBD," it actually usually is the common hepatic duct, as noted above."
"it is common practice to refer to the duct as the common duct (CD) or the common bile duct (CBD) when reporting ultrasound (it should be noted that anatomically there is another structure called the common duct, formed by the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts). While the duct being measured, the proximal duct near hepatic artery crossing, is often referred to as the "CBD," it actually usually is the common hepatic duct, as noted above."
"commonest is colorectal 8; others: HCC, renal, lung, gastric, breast, lymphoma, melanoma"
Expected headings
"Intrahepatic biliary dilatation only"
"Extrahepatic biliary dilatation only"
"Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary dilatation"
"intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma (e.g. Klatskin tumour)"
"drugs (e.g. chronic opioid use 4)"
"pancreatic or ampullary mass (e.g. pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma)"
"external compression (e.g. Mirizzi syndrome, adenopathy)"
"commonest is colorectal 8; others: HCC, renal, lung, gastric, breast, lymphoma, melanoma"
"commonest is colorectal 8; others: HCC, renal, lung, gastric, breast, lymphoma, melanoma"