Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"The optimal sequence for identifying the central vein sign remains a subject of debate in the literature. While 3D-T2* EPI and susceptibility-weighted imaging are reported as the most accurate, the timing of their acquisition (pre- or post-contrast) also lacks standardisation, contributing to methodological variability. Indirect comparisons from meta-analysis suggest a slightly higher accuracy for 3D-T2* EPI, though studies with direct comparisons are few ^13,14."

Line 38:238 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'pre-'.

Ellipses

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"On T2*-weighted images, the central vein..."

Line 8:44 · Don't use an ellipsis... in written text.

"However, the white matter lesion must not..."

Line 16:45 · Don't use an ellipsis... in written text.

Acronyms

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"The optimal sequence for identifying the central vein sign remains a subject of debate in the literature. While 3D-T2* EPI and susceptibility-weighted imaging are reported as the most accurate, the timing of their acquisition (pre- or post-contrast) also lacks standardisation, contributing to methodological variability. Indirect comparisons from meta-analysis suggest a slightly higher accuracy for 3D-T2* EPI, though studies with direct comparisons are few ^13,14."

Line 38:123 · 'EPI' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The optimal sequence for identifying the central vein sign remains a subject of debate in the literature. While 3D-T2* EPI and susceptibility-weighted imaging are reported as the most accurate, the timing of their acquisition (pre- or post-contrast) also lacks standardisation, contributing to methodological variability. Indirect comparisons from meta-analysis suggest a slightly higher accuracy for 3D-T2* EPI, though studies with direct comparisons are few ^13,14."

Line 38:419 · 'EPI' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Interpretation"

Line 23:1 · "Interpretation" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Percentage rules"

Line 25:1 · "Percentage rules" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Select 6 rule"

Line 30:1 · "Select 6 rule" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Commas

suggestion

"The central vein sign is not pathognomonic but can be useful in helping differentiate multiple sclerosis from mimics, such as cerebral small vessel disease, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, migraine, and inflammatory vasculopathies (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) ^3,5-7,10-14."

Line 2:127 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"Calculating a percentage can be extremely time consuming, particularly in individuals with high lesion counts, and as such, alternative and more pragmatic approaches have been suggested, such as the select 6 rating methods⁶, which is recommended in the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria¹⁴."

Line 31:122 · Use the Oxford comma in 'such, alternative and more'.

Semicolons

suggestion

"≥6 lesions with typical morphology and central vein sign are present; or"

Line 34:76 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: central-vein-sign-1